FREE PSYCHOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT CH 1

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FREE PSYCHOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT CH 1

VOCABULARY EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -30 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: scatterplot

Answer:

a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables; the slope of the point suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables; the amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation

Question 2: independent variable

Answer:

the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

Question 3: placebo effect

Answer:

experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent

Question 4: theory

Answer:

an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

Question 5: hindsight bias

Answer:

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

Question 6: double-blind procedure

Answer:

an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo; commonly used in drug-evaluation studies

Question 7: control condition

Answer:

the condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental conditions and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment

Question 8: operational definition

Answer:

a statement of the procedures(operations) used to define research variables

Question 9: hypothesis

Answer:

a testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Question 10: statistical significance

Answer:

a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by a chance

Question 11: correlation coefficient

Answer:

a statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other

Question 12: illusory correlation

Answer:

the perception of a relationship where none exists

Question 13: dependent variable

Answer:

the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable

Question 14: mode

Answer:

the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution

Question 15: standard deviation

Answer:

a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

Question 16: mean

Answer:

the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores

Question 17: culture

Answer:

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 18: case study

Answer:

an observation technique in which one person is studies in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Question 19: random sample

Answer:

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Question 20: critical thinking

Answer:

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions

Question 21: population

Answer:

all the cases in group, from which samples may be drawn for a study

Question 22: naturalistic observation

Answer:

observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Question 23: range

Answer:

the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

Question 24: survey

Answer:

a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them

Question 25: false consensus effect

Answer:

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

Question 26: experiment

Answer:

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process. By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant factors.

Question 27: median

Answer:

the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it

Question 28: replication

Answer:

repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances