FREE PSYCHOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT CH 8

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FREE PSYCHOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT CH 8

VOCABULARY EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -39 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: over-justification effect

Answer:

the effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do; the person may now see the reward, rather than intrinsic interest, as the motivation for performing the task

Question 2: pro-social behavior

Answer:

positive , constructive, helpful behavior; the opposite of antisocial behavior

Question 3: law of effect

Answer:

Thorndike's principle that behaviors followers by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Question 4: learning

Answer:

a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience

Question 5: discrimination

Answer:

in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguished between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

Question 6: generalization

Answer:

the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

Question 7: extrinsic motivation

Answer:

a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment

Question 8: operant behavior

Answer:

behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences

Question 9: intrinsic motivation

Answer:

a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective

Question 10: variable-ratio schedule

Answer:

in operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses

Question 11: acquisition

Answer:

the initial stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response; in operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response

Question 12: spontaneous recovery

Answer:

the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response

Question 13: modeling

Answer:

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Question 14: classical conditioning

Answer:

a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli; a neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus

Question 15: associative learning

Answer:

learning that certain events occur together; the events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning)

Question 16: conditioned reinforcer

Answer:

a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as secondary reinforcer

Question 17: unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Answer:

in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally-naturally and automatically-triggers a response

Question 18: unconditioned response (UCR)

Answer:

in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimuli (UCS), such as salivation when food is in the mouth

Question 19: operant conditioning

Answer:

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Question 20: respondent behavior

Answer:

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus; Skinner's term for behavior learned through classical conditioning

Question 21: observational learning

Answer:

learning by observing others

Question 22: continuous reinforcement

Answer:

reinforcing that desired response every time it occurs

Question 23: imprinting

Answer:

the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life

Question 24: operant chamber (Skinner box)

Answer:

a chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking; used in operant conditioning research

Question 25: fixed-interval schedule

Answer:

in operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces only after a specified time has elapsed