FREE PSYCHOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT CHAPTER

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FREE PSYCHOLOGY AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT CHAPTER

6 KEY TERMS EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -40 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: latent learning

Answer:

learning that occurs, but it may not be evident until there is a reason to demonstrate it

Question 2: associative learning

Answer:

form of learning that involves connecting certain stimuli or events that occur together in the environment (classical and operant conditioning)

Question 3: partial reinforcement

Answer:

rewarding behavior only some of the time

Question 4: shaping

Answer:

rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior

Question 5: vicarious reinforcement

Answer:

process where the observer sees the model rewarded, making the observer more likely to imitate the model's behavior

Question 6: fixed interval reinforcement schedule

Answer:

behavior is rewarded after a set amount of time

Question 7: stimulus generalization

Answer:

demonstrating the conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus

Question 8: positive punishment

Answer:

adding an undesirable stimulus to stop or decrease a behavior

Question 9: variable interval reinforcement schedule

Answer:

behavior is rewarded after unpredictable amounts of time have passed

Question 10: reflex

Answer:

unlearned, automatic response by an organism to a stimulus in the environment

Question 11: positive reinforcement

Answer:

adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior

Question 12: model

Answer:

person who performs a behavior that serves as an example (in observational learning)

Question 13: operant conditioning

Answer:

form of learning in which the stimulus/experience happens after the behavior is demonstrated

Question 14: variable ratio reinforcement schedule

Answer:

number of responses differ before a behavior is rewarded

Question 15: observational learning

Answer:

type of learning that occurs by watching others

Question 16: vicarious punishment

Answer:

process where the observer sees the model punished, making the observer less likely to imitate the model's behavior

Question 17: continuous reinforcement

Answer:

rewarding a behavior every time it occurs

Question 18: negative punishment

Answer:

taking away a pleasant stimulus to decrease or stop a behavior

Question 19: primary reinforcer

Answer:

has innate reinforcing qualities (e.g., food, water, shelter, sex)

Question 20: neutral stimulus (NS)

Answer:

stimulus that does not initially elicit a response

Question 21: higher-order conditioning (also, second-order conditioning)

Answer:

using a conditioned stimulus to condition a neutral stimulus

Question 22: extinction

Answer:

decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus

Question 23: punishment

Answer:

implementation of a consequence in order to decrease a behavior

Question 24: unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Answer:

stimulus that elicits a reflexive response

Question 25: acquisition

Answer:

period of initial learning in classical conditioning in which a human or an animal begins to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus will begin to elicit the conditioned response

Question 26: spontaneous recovery

Answer:

return of a previously extinguished conditioned response

Question 27: learning

Answer:

change in behavior or knowledge that is the result of of experience

Question 28: law of effect

Answer:

behavior that is followed by consequences satisfying to the organism will be repeated and behaviors that are followed by unpleasant consequences will be discouraged