FULL - A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition by Judi Nath,...

FULL

Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach 4th Edition by Judi Nath, Carie Braun Complete , All Chapters are included

Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach to the Mechanisms of Disease 4th Edition Braun

Chapter 1Introduction to Pathophysiology

• The nucleus , which is essential for function and survival of the cell.
• is the site of protein synthesis
• contains the genetic code
• transforms cellular energy
• initiates aerobic metabolism
• Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power

plants of the cell because they:

• contain RNA for protein synthesis.
• utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
• extract energy from organic compounds.
• store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
• Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid

bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:

• bound and transmembrane proteins.
• complex, long carbohydrate chains.
• surface antigens and hormone receptors.
• a gating system of selective ion channels.
• To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical

messenger systems that:

• displace surface receptor proteins.
• accumulate within cell gap junctions.
• bind to contractile microfilaments.
• release secretions into extracellular fluid.

5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:

• removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
• combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
• activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm.
• breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
• Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in into the

extracellular fluid.

• Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
• Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
• Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
• Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
• The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
• diffusion of current-carrying ions.
• millivoltage of electrical potential.
• polarization of charged particles.
• ion channel neurotransmission.
• Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the

number of layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched description and type of epithelial tissue?

A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not

extend to surface

B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement

membrane

C) Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlying

connective tissue

• Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer rests on

basement membrane

9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:

• providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
• synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.

• forming tendons and the fascia that covers muscles.
• filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in place.
• Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (also

known as involuntary muscle) differs by:

• having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
• containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands.
• having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
• contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium.
• Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

• Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
• Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
• Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
• Regulating and controlling protein synthesis
• Breakdown and removal of foreign substances and worn-out cell parts are

performed by which of the following organelles?

• Lysosomes
• Golgi apparatus
• Ribosomes
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

13. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:

• inadequate sites for protein synthesis.
• an inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane.
• insufficient energy production within a cell.
• accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm.
• After several months of trying to conceive, a couple is undergoing fertility

testing. Semen analysis indicates that the mans sperm have decreased motility, a finding that is thought to underlie the couples inability to become pregnant.