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1. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central
nervous system (CNS) that causes demyelination and axonal damage.
What is the main function of myelin in the CNS?
a) To provide insulation and speed up nerve impulses
b) To produce cerebrospinal fluid and cushion the brain
c) To regulate blood-brain barrier permeability and immune response
d) To secrete neurotransmitters and modulate synaptic transmission
*Answer: a) To provide insulation and speed up nerve impulses*
Rationale: Myelin is a fatty substance that wraps around the axons of
neurons and forms the white matter of the CNS. It acts as an electrical
insulator and increases the conduction velocity of nerve impulses.
2. Which of the following factors is most likely to trigger an acute
exacerbation of MS symptoms?
a) Exposure to cold temperature or stress
b) Infection or vaccination
c) Pregnancy or menstruation
d) Exercise or physical therapy
*Answer: b) Infection or vaccination*
Rationale: Infection or vaccination can activate the immune system and
cause inflammation in the CNS, which can worsen MS symptoms. Other
factors, such as cold temperature, stress, pregnancy, menstruation,
exercise, and physical therapy, may affect MS symptoms but are not
considered triggers for acute exacerbations.
3. A 35-year-old woman with relapsing-remitting MS presents with
blurred vision, diplopia, and pain in her right eye. She also reports fatigue,
weakness, and numbness in her legs. What is the most likely diagnosis for
her eye condition?
a) Optic neuritis
b) Uveitis
c) Glaucoma
d) Macular degeneration
*Answer: a) Optic neuritis*
Rationale: Optic neuritis is a common manifestation of MS that involves
inflammation and demyelination of the optic nerve. It causes visual
disturbances, such as blurred vision, diplopia (double vision), pain, andÂ
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