GUYTON AND HALL UNIT VI, 5,1, UNIT 3 CHAPTER 9,14,35 UNIT 6 CHAPTER 32,30 AND 80 QUESTIONS AND ACCUTRATE ANSWERS VERIFIED COMPLETE DOCUMENT FOR STUDY LATEST VERSION

GUYTON AND HALL UNIT VI, 5,1, UNIT 3 CHAPTER 9,14,35 UNIT 6 CHAPTER 32,30 AND 80 QUESTIONS AND ACCUTRATE ANSWERS VERIFIED COMPLETE DOCUMENT FOR STUDY LATEST VERSION

D) Red blood cell production begins in the yolk sac for the first
trimester. Production in the yolk sac decreases at the beginning of the
second trimester and the liver becomes the predominate source of
red cell production. During the third trimester red cell production
increases from the bone marrow and continues throughout life.
1. During the second trimester of pregnancy, where is the predominant
site of red blood cell production?
A) Yolk sac
B) Bone marrow
C) Lymph nodes
D) Liver
B) Red cell production increases rapidly within 24 hours; however,
new red cells do appear in the blood for 5 days.
2. Following a blood donation, red cell production begins to increase in
A) 30 minutes
B) 24 hours
C) 2 days
D) 5 days
E) 2 weeks
D) A well-trained athlete will have a slightly elevated EPO level and
the hematocrit will be elevated up to a value of 50%. A hematocrit
higher than 50% suggests EPO treatment.
3. Olympic marathoners would most likely have what EPO and Hct
levels?
E) Aplastic anemia is a condition in which the bone marrow has a
decreased production but does not respond to erythropoietin.
Therefore, a person with aplastic anemia would have a low
hematocrit and an elevated erythropoietin level.
4. Aplastic anemia patients would most likely have what EPO and Hct
levels?
A) With end-stage renal disease there is a decrease in erythropoietin
level due to decreased release from the diseased kidneys. As a
consequence of the decreased erythropoietin level, the hematocrit
will be decreased.
5. End-stage renal disease patients would most likely have what EPO
and Hct levels?
B) With polycythemia vera the bone marrow produces red blood cells
without a stimulus from erythropoietin. The hematocrit is very high,
even up to 60%. With the elevated hematocrit there is a feedback
suppression of erythropoietin and the erythropoietin levels are very
low.
6. Polycythemia patients would most likely have what EPO and Hct
levels
D) The increase in RBC, WBC, and platelets suggests that the patient is
suffering from polycythemia vera. Renal disease would result in a low
EPO level, but the RBC count would be low. Myeloid leukemia would
result in an increase in WBCs, with no increase in RBCs. Secondary
polycythemia would have an elevated EPO level. Relative is due to
dehydration.
7. A 62-year-old female arrives for her annual physical. She complains
of itching in her hands along with headaches and vertigo. A routine
complete blood count (CBC) shows red blood cells (RBCs) of 8.2
million/μl, white blood cells (WBCs) 37,000/μl, and platelets
640,000/μl. Her erythropoietin levels are lower than normal. The
primary diagnosis would be
A) thrombocytopenia
B) relative polycythemia
C) secondary polycythemia
D) polycythemia vera
E) myeloid leukemia
B) This patient has decreased production of red blood cells as
confirmed by the anemia (low number, Hb, and Hct), yet the red
blood cells being produced have a normal size, MCV = 90. Therefore,
the patient does not have spherocytosis (small red cells) or vitamin
B12 deficiency (large red cells). The
normal WBC count and the increased reticulocyte count suggest that
the bone marrow is functioning. The increased reticulocyte count
means that a large number of red cells are being produced. These
laboratory
values support an anemia due to some type of blood loss; in this case
an anemia due to hemolysis. 

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