harm or created a burden. Example: Homeowner wants to

PA Real Estate Vocab Flashcards Platis detailed map that illustrates the geographic boundaries of individual plats VarianceProvides relief if zoning ordinances deprive an owner reasonable use of the property. To qualify for a Variance, the owner must prove that the regulations have caused

harm or created a burden. Example: Homeowner wants to

put up a garage but would be over the setback the neighbor would have opportunity to say they do not want this to change.Improvementany artificial thing attached to land, such as a building or fence, or improvements such as streets, utilities and sewers.Land has Three Physical Characteristics of Real estateImmobility- location is fixed/ immobileIndestructibilityUniqueness- No land is exactly the same Encumbranceis a claim, charge, or liability that attaches to real estate.Bulk zoningto control density and avoid overcrowding by imposing restrictions such as setbacks, building heights, and percentage of open area or by restricting new construction projects Estate from period to periodcreated when landlord and tenant enter into an agreement for an indefinite time; that is, the estate does not contain a specific expiration date.doctrine of prior appropriationunder the doctrine, the right to use any water, with the exception of limited domestic use, is controlled by the state rather than the landowner adjacent to the water.Aesthetic Zoningto specify certain types of architecture for new buildings Subdivideris a person who buys undeveloped acreage and divides it into smaller lots Surface rightsthe rights to use the surface of the earth AnnexationChanging personal property into real property. If landowner buys cement, stones, and sand and then mixes them into concrete and constructs a sidewalk, the owner has converted personal property into real property.Density ZoningRestrict the average maximum number of houses per acre that may be built within a particular subdivision Easement by necessityAnd easement that is created when an owner sells a parcel of land that has no access to a street or public way except over the seller's remaining land.Inverse CondemnationIs an action brought by a property owner seeking just compensation for land taken for a public use where it

appears that the taker of property does not intend to bring eminent domain proceedings.

Zoning OrdinancesImplement the comprehensive plan and regulate and control the use of land and structures within designated land-use districts, in part by separating conflicting land uses.defeasible fee estateis qualified estate that is subject to the occurrence or nonoccurrence of specified event.Dedicationis a voluntary transfer of private property by its owner to public for some public use, such as streets, schools, or parks Trade FixturesAn article owned by a tenant and attached to a rented spaces or building or used in conducting a business. Trade fixtures are considered personal property and can be

removed by the tenant. Examples: bowling alleys, store

shelves, restaurant equipment, chicken coops, tool shed FixtureIs personal property that has been so affixed to the land or a building that, by law, it becomes part of the real property.

Examples: radiators, kitchen cabinets, light fixtures, and

plumbing Lienis a charge against property that provides security for a debt or obligation of the property owner Comprehensive planLocal governments establish development goals by creating a Comprehensive plan. It is not a regulatory document, but rather a guide to planning for change rather than reacting to proposals month-to-month tenancyis created when a tenant takes possession with no definite termination date and pays monthly rent periodic tenancy is often used in residential leases Estate in landdefines the degree, quantity, nature, and extent of an owners interest in real property.Leasehold estateA tenant's right to possess real estate for the term of the lease Condemnationis the process by which the government exercises eminent domain right, by either judicial or administrative proceedings The Lessoris the owner of real estate Easement by prescriptionIf the claimant has made us of another's land for a certain period of time as defined by state law. The ue must be visible, open and notorious and the owner must have been able to learn of it.Bundle of Legal Rights-right of possession-right to control the property within the framework of the law-right of enjoyment(to use the property in any legal manner)-right of exclusion(to keep others from entering or using the property)-right of disposition(to sell, will, transfer, or otherwise dispose of or encumber the property)

ChattelsInclude such tangibles as chairs, tables, clothing, money, bonds, and bank accounts Appurtenance(runs with land) is a right or privilege associated with the

property, although not necessarily a part of it. Example:

Parking spaces in multiunit buildings, easements, water rights Mine Subsidenceis the process of downward land shifts due to the collapse of underground mine shafts and ground water flows, usually resulting in sinkholes or troughs TitleRelates to Real Property. Two meanings1)the right to ownership of the land, including the owner's bundle of legal rights2)evidence of the ownership by a deed Four economic characteristics of Real Estate ScarcityImprovementsPermanence of InvestmentLocation or area preference Remainder InterestThe creator of the life estate may name a remainderman as the person to whom the property will pass when the life estate ends Littoral RightsGranted to owners of land bordering commercially navigable lakes, seas, and oceans Personal PropertySometimes called personalty, is all property that can be owned and does not fit the definition of real property.Personal property is moveable.SeveranceAn item of real property can become personal property.

Example: An apple becomes personal property once it is

picked from a tree Security depositTenants are often required to provide, which is held by the landlord during the lease terms Non-freeholdare those for which the length of time can be determined Incentive zoningto ensure that certain uses are incorporated into developments, such as requiring the street floor of an office building to house retail establishments Appurtenant easementis attached to the ownership of one parcel of land and allows the owner the use of a neighbor's land Fee Simpleis the highest interest in real estate recognized by law. Fee simple is ownership in which the owner is entitled to all rights to the property by law. The estate is intended to run forever.Reversionary InterestThe creator of the life estate may choose not to name a remainder man. In that case, ownership is said to revert to the original owner upon the end of the life estate AccretionIncreases in the land resulting from the deposit of soil by the water's action SubleasedWhen a tenant transfers less than all the leasehold interests by leasing them to a new tenant, the original tenant has subleased the property