HCA100 FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 7pages

Stages of Growth & Development - ANSWER-*Infancy (0-1 years) Toddlerhood (1-3 years) Preschool (3-6 years) Middle Childhood (6-8 years) Late Childhood (9-12 years) *Adolescence (12-18 years) Young adulthood (18-40 years) Middle Adulthood (40-65 years) Late Adulthood (65 years +) *rapid growth phase Chain of Infection - ANSWER-Infectious Agent (Pathogen) -> Reservoir -> Portal of Exit -> Mode of Transmission -> Portal of Entry -> Susceptible Host -> Safety Precautions to avoid SIDS - ANSWER-1. Always lay babies on their backs for sleep 2. Do not lay baby on soft bedding products - ie. fluffy, plush, sheepskin, memory foam. Remove soft toys from crib. Can cause CO buildup or suffocation. 3. Make sure baby is warm but never hot - do not overdress baby, use lightweight blanket. If neck is sweaty, baby is too hot. Professionalism - ANSWER-Approach to work that demonstrates respect for others, commitment, competence, and appropriate behaviour. Must demonstrate: 1.Positive attitude 2.Sense of responsibility 3.Professional Appearance 4. Discretion about client info & personal matters 5. Lifelong learning (competence) 6. Advocating for client 7. Using acceptable speech & language Support Worker Responsibilities - ANSWER-1. Personal Care 2. Support for Nurses and other health care providers 3. Family Support 4. Social Support 5. Housekeeping or Home Management Postpartum complications: risk factors - ANSWER-1. Toxic Shock Syndrome - rare, lifethreatening illness that develops suddenly after infection. Can affect liver, lungs, kidneys. Risk is very great, esp. if had episiotomy or vaginal tear. Must wear pads for lochia, not tampons. 2. Episiotomy complications - infection, wound separation (dehiscence). 3. Postpartum blues, depression, psychosis - Blues - feelings of sadness and mild depression during first 2 weeks - Depression - major depression that begins anytime within first year, can worsen over time, requires professional care - Psychosis - severe form of postpartum depression, relatively rare, loses touch w reality, could harm and neglect her child/herself, cannot be left alone w infants Episiotomy vs. Caesarean (C-)Section - ANSWER-Episiotomy - incision in the perineum in order to increase size of vaginal opening for delivery of the baby. Decreases risk of perineal tearing. C-Section - surgical incision of abdomen and uterine wall through which baby is delivered. Done for number of reasons, ie. if baby or mother's life in danger, baby is too large. Postpartum complications: signs/symptoms - ANSWER-- Breast pain, tenderness, swelling - Feelings of depression - Chills, poor appetite, fatigue, nausea, vomiting - Lochia soaks sanitary pad within 1 hour of application - Foul-smelling lochia - Large number of clots in lochia - Painful, burning, difficult urination - Sever abdominal or perineal pain - Bleeding, redness, swelling, drainage from c-section incision - Leg pain, tenderness, swelling - Fever of 38 degrees + Supporting Challenging Child - ANSWER-1. Be specific about and stick to expectations. 2. Focus on important issues, choose battles wisely - teaches to make good decisions, not win power struggles.