HEAT ILLNESS EXAM QUESTIONS

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HEAT ILLNESS EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -18 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation Question 1: Heat exhaustion: tx

Answer:

-rest -cool environment -assess volume status -fluid replacement -consider admission if pt is elderly, has significant electrolyte abnormalities or would be at risk of recurrence if d/c Question 2: Heat exhaustion: diagnosis

Answer:

-vague malaise, fatigue, h/a -core temp often normal, if elevated less than 104F -mental function essentially intact, no coma or seizures -tachycardia, ortho hypotn, clinical dehydration (maybe) -often major illness ruled out -if in doubt, treat as heat stroke

Question 3: Prickly Heat

Answer:

-aka miliaria rubra, lichen tropicus, heat rash -acute phase: produces intensely pruritic vesicles on red base, rah confined to clothed area, effected area= anhydrotic -may persist for weeks

Question 4: Exertional heatstroke

Answer:

-occurs during hot humid weather -occurs sporadically: effecting young healthy persons engaged in strenuous physical activity

Question 5: Initial tx of heat stroke

Answer:

-immediate cooling -protect airway -IV line with .9 NaCl or RL -CVP or swan ganz catheter in hypotensive pts -foley catheter -monitor output

-rectal probe: monitor temp

-oxygen 5-10 L/min -ABGs -labs -check glucose

Question 6: Risk factors for heat illness

Answer:

-obesity -fatigue -drugs -alcohol -sunburn -unacclimatized -fluid deficit -previous hx of heat injury -many med conditions -febrile illness -cystic fibrosis -malnutrition

Question 7: Causes of hyperthermia

Answer:

-exertional hyperthermia -heatstroke -malignant hyperthermia of anesthesia -neuroleptic malignant syndrome -thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma -salicylate intox, delirium tremens -cocaine, amphetamines -status epilepticus, generalized tetanua

Question 8: Water depletion heat exhaustion

Answer:

-inadequate fluid replacement by persons in heat -"voluntary dehydration" -weakness, fatigue, frontal h/a, impaired judgement, vertigo, N, V, occasional muscle cramps, body temp near normal -orthostatic dizziness/syncope may occur -results in progressive hypovolemia -untreated can progress to heat stroke

Question 9: Heat syncope

Answer:

-individuals at risk should be warned to move frequently, flex legs -scintillating scotomata, tunnel vision, vertigo, nausea, diaphoresis, weakness = prodromal sxs -adequate oral volume replacement may prevent some conditions

Question 10: Fever

Answer:

-thermoregulation remains intact

Question 11: Classic heatstroke

Answer:

-occurs primary in epidemics during summer heat waves -most likely to effect the elderly and pts with serious underlying illnesses -infants also at risk -typical victim confined to home without fan or AC -dehydration= predisposing factor -r/f: obesity, neurologic or CV dz, use of diuretics, neuroleptics, meds with anticholinergic properties that interfere with sweating, alcohol

Question 12: Cooling modalities to lower body temp in heat stroke

Answer:

-ice water immersion -evaporate cooling using large circulating fans and skin wetting -ice packs -peritoneal/rectal/ gastric lavage -cardiopulm bypass -alcohol sponge baths and phenothiazines (caution)

Question 13: heat illness prevention

Answer:

-crucial issue -counsel ppl with r/f with sxs of heat stroke -exertional heat stroke most prevalent in young healthy persons doing strenuous activity: so advise -fluid intake is most critical variable

Question 14: Hyperthermia

Answer:

-thermoregulation failure

Question 15: Heat cramps

Answer:

-minor heat illness -brief, intermittent, often severe muscular cramps typically occurring in muscles that are fatigued by heavy work -usually occur after exertion -copious hypotonic fluid replacement during exertion -related to

SALT DEFICIENCY

-victims exhibit: hyponatremia, hypochloremia, low urinary sodium and Cl levels

-usually

RAPIDLY RELIEVED BY SALT SOLUTIONS

Question 16: Salt depletion heat exhaustion

Answer:

-takes longer to develop than water depletion -systemic sxs -hypoNa, hypoCL, low urinary Na and Cl concs -sxs similar to water depletion type -body temp remains near normal