HESI A2 - AP - CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM EXAM

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QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -17 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation Question 1: Blood drains from the myocardium directly into what? via what system?

Answer:

Right atrium through the coronary sinus.

Question 2: What are the names and locations of the 4 heart valves?

Answer:

• Tricuspid valve - btwn the right atrium and ventricle

• Bicuspid or Mitral valve - btwn the left atrium and ventricle

• Pulmonary semilunar valve - btwn the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

• Aortic semilunar valve - btwn the left ventricle and aorta

Question 3: Define systole and diastole.

Answer:

systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation)

Question 4: What are the two types of leukocytes?

Answer:

• Agranulocytes - Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils. Involved in phagocytosis and inflammation.

• Granulocytes - Lymphocytes and monocytes - antibody production, cellular immune responses and

phagocytosis.Question 5: What are the names of the two largest veins? And where do they empty?

Answer:

Superior and inferior venous cava. Empty into the right atrium.

Question 6: Leukocytes are categorized based off what features?

Answer:

Size, nucleus appearance, staining properties and presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules.

Question 7: Where is a 'heart beat' initiated?

Answer:

Sinoatrial node and transmitted along the conduction system through the myocardium.

Question 8: What does the ECG wave tracing represent?

Answer:

The electrical activity that precedes the contraction-relaxation events of the myocardium.Question 9: Name the two circuits through which blood travels in the human body.

Answer:

Pulmonary - carries blood to the lungs to be oxygenated.Systemic circuit - delivers this oxygenated blood to the rest of the body and transports nutrients and waste.

Question 10: What is a cardiac cycle?

Answer:

The period from the end of one ventricular contraction to the end of the next ventricular contraction.

Question 11: Whole blood includes:

Answer:

Plasma 55%, 45% formed elements including cells and cell fragments.Cell types include erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes (cell fragments).

Question 12: Erythrocytes are made up of what?

Answer:

Hemoglobin which is comprised of protein and iron

Question 13: Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

Answer:

coronary arteries Question 14: Describe how blood is processed through the heart. Where does it enter and exit?

Answer:

De-oxygenated blood enters the right atrium, is pumped into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the blood into the pulmonary arteries. The now oxygenated blood travels into the left atrium.From here the blood is pumped into the left ventricle, to the aorta and back throughout the body.Question 15: Blood transports BLANK x 4 to various tissues and carries away BLANK x 2.

Answer:

• Oxygen, Nutrients, Enzymes and Hormones

• CO2 and metabolic wastes

Question 16: The smallest arteries are called what?

Answer:

Arterioles

Question 17: The smallest veins are called what?

Answer:

Venules