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HESI A2 A&P: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM EXAM QUESTIONS
Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation
This Exam contains:
-Guarantee passing score -32 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation
Question 1: How do the walls of the veins differ from the arteries?
Answer:
They are thinner and less elastic, they carry blood at a lower pressure
Question 2: what are white blood cells (leukocytes) active in?
Answer:
They are active in phagocytes and antibody formation
Question 3: How does contraction of the heart start?
Answer:
Action potential reaches it which starts the muscle cells to contract
Question 4: What are some characteristics of erythrocytes?
Answer:
- they are modified for transport of oxygen
most oxygen is bound to the pigmented portion of a hemoglobin
Question 5: Why do vasoconstriction and vasodilation occur?
Answer:
these result from the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle arterial walls...which influence blood pressure and blood distribution across tissue
Question 6: What is the contraction of the cycle phase called?
Answer:
Systole; the relaxation phase is diastole
Question 7: How are platelets produced and What are platelets active in?
Answer:
Produced by Thrombopoiesus and they are active in process of blood clotting
Question 8: What supplies the blood to the heart muscles?
Answer:
The blood is supplied by the coronary arteries
Question 9: What are characteristics of the walls of the arteries?
Answer:
thick and elastic they carry blood under high pressure
Question 10: What are the veins?
Answer:
they parallel the arteries and usually have the same names
Question 11: What are the superior and inferior cavae?
Answer:
large veins that empty into the right atrium of the heart
Question 12: What is the function of blood?
Answer:
serves to transport oxygen and nutrients to blood cells and to carry away co2 and metabolic waste
Question 13: What is % of white blood cells and red blood cells in whole blood?
Answer:
55% is plasma and 45% formed elements: erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets.
Question 14: What do the capillaries do?
Answer:
smallest vessels, where exchange of water, nutrients, and waste products take place between the blood and surrounding tissue
Question 15: How is electrical activity of the heart measured?
Answer:
electrocardiogram (ECG)
Question 16: Which heart chamber pushes oxygen-rich blood into the aorta?
Answer:
Left Ventricle
Question 17: Where are formed elements produced?
Answer:
All formed elements are produced from stem cells in red bone marrow
Question 18: What does plasma contain?
Answer:
10% protein, ions, nutrients, waste products, and hormones, which are dissolved or suspended in water
Question 19: Where do the systematic arteries start?
Answer:
begin with the aorta (which sends branches to all parts of the body)...as arteries get farther away from the heart they become thinner and thinner
Question 20: What does the vascular system do?
Answer:
includes arteries that carry blood away from the heart and veins that carry blood toward the heart and capillaries
Question 21: Where are semilunar valves found?
Answer:
they are found at the entrance of the pulmonary trunk and the aorta.
Question 22: What is the body's largest artery?
Answer:
Aorta
Question 23: How many type of leukocytes are there?
Answer:
granulocytes: neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils
agranulocytes: Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Macrophages (monocytes that are in the tissue)
Question 24: Which chamber of the heart is the largest and strongest?
Answer:
the left ventricle
Question 25: Where are valves?
Answer:
They are between the atria and the ventricles which include the tricuspid on the right side and on the left side there is the bicuspid, they also prevent reverse blood flow
Question 26: How is heart initiated?
Answer:
It is initiated by the intrinsic beat by which the sinoatrial node and transmitted along the conduction system through the myocardium
Question 27: What is the function of the heart?
Answer:
a double pump that send blood to the lungs for oxygenation through pulmonary circuit...and the the remainder of the body through the systemic circuit
Question 28: What are the smallest arteries?
Answer:
Arterioles
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