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HESI A2 - A&P: SKELETAL SYSTEM EXAM QUESTIONS
Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation
This Exam contains:
-Guarantee passing score -21 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation
Question 1: Calcification
Answer:
Bones transform from mostly hyaline cartilage and connective tissue to osseous tissue.Fusion of bone - from 300 as infants to 206 as adults
Question 2: Vertebral column
Answer:
Spine - base of skull to coccyx Provides support for upper body Protects spinal cord 24 vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx Cervical vertebrae - 7 bones Thoracic vertebrae - 12 bones Lumbar - 5 bones
Question 3: Periosteum
Answer:
Top layer of bone acts as connective tissue Anchors tendon to muscle Holds stem cells and osteoblasts for growth and repair Nerve tissue, nerve endings, blood vessels
Question 4: Trabeculae
Answer:
Under compact bone, contains red bone marrow Provide structural strengh
Question 5: Five types of bones
Answer:
Long bones - major bones of the limbs
-Epiphysis: ends of bones
-Diaphysis: shaft
Short bones - as long as they are wide, cube shaped or round -carpal bones of wrist, tarsal bone of foot Flat bones - no medullar cavity, thin, thinner on one end -ribs, hip bone, frontal, parietal, occipital bones of skull Irregular bones - do not fit criteria of long, short or flat -vertebrae, sacrun Sesamoid bones - only 2 -patella and pisiform bones
Question 6: Lower limbs
Answer:
Connected to axial skeleton by pelvic girdle - left and right hip bones Femur - upper leg bone Patella - knee cap Tibia, fibula - lower leg bones
Question 7: Skull
Answer:
22 bones Protects the brain and sensory organs Mandible is the only movable joint Cranium - upper part of skull, protects the brain
Question 8: Ribs
Answer:
On back all attached to thoracic vertebrae On front, first seven attached to sternum Next three attached to cartilage between seventh rib and sternum Remaining two not attached to sternum at all
Question 9: Skeletal system
Answer:
-Provide support and protection -Allow movement -Blood cell creation -Store fat, calcium, and iron -Guide growth of entire body Adults have 206 bones Infants have 300 bones
Question 10: False ribs
Answer:
Ribs 8 - 12
Question 11: Appendicular skeleton
Answer:
126 bones Upper & lower limbs, pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle Anchor muscle and allow for movement
Question 12: Hyoid bone
Answer:
Keeps trachia open, anchors tongue muscles Only bone not attached to others
Question 13: True ribs
Answer:
Ribs 1 - 7
Question 14: Hematopoiesis
Answer:
WBCs and RBCs are made from stem cells
Question 15: Upper limbs
Answer:
Connected with axial skeleton by pectoral girdle - left and right clavicle and scapula Humerus - upper arm bone Ulna & radius - lower arm bones
Carpals, metacarpals, phlanges - hand bones
Question 16: Sternum
Answer:
Breastbone - most ribs attached to it by costal cartilage
Question 17: Compact bone
Answer:
Gives bone strength Made of mineral salts and collagen fibers Osteocytes in caveties
Question 18: Joints
Answer:
Synovial - small gap between bones filled with synovial fluid, allow the most movement Fibrous - where bones fit tightly together, little to no movement Cartilaginous - allow more movement than fibrous joints, less than synovial
Question 19: Bone matrix
Answer:
Non-living Made of water, collagen, protein, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate crystals
Question 20: Axial skeleton
Answer:
80 bones along midline Skull, ribs, sternum, vertebral column
Question 21: Osteocytes
Answer:
Living bone cells Found at edges of bones and throughout bone matrix in small cavities Play a vital role in growth, development and repair
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