HESI A2 BIOLOGY: BASICS OF THE CELL EXAM QUESTIONS

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HESI A2 BIOLOGY: BASICS OF THE CELL EXAM QUESTIONS

Qs and Ans Expert- Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -22 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert- Explanation

Question 1: eukaryotic cell

Answer:

A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Examples of organisms with these cells are protists, plants, fungi, and animals.

Question 2: vacuole

Answer:

a small body used to transfer materials within and out of the cell, such as cell wastes, sugars, or proteins

Question 3: rough ER

Answer:

has many ribosomes attached to it, which function in transforming RNA into a protein

Question 4: prokaryotic cell

Answer:

cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 5: hypOtonic

Answer:

the concentration of solutes outside the cell is lower than that inside the cell

Question 6: endoplasmic reticulum

Answer:

used for translation of mRNA into proteins, and transporting proteins out of the cell

Question 7: osmosis

Answer:

movement of water in and out of the cell

Question 8: proteins

Answer:

chains of amino acids (receptors that allow the cell to interact with its surroundings)

Question 9: chemiosmotic potential

Answer:

attempts to make tonicity equal across a membrane

Question 10: tonicity

Answer:

concentration of solutes in the cell

Question 11: smooth ER

Answer:

production of fats, and steroid hormones

Question 12: active transport

Answer:

uses ATP to move a molecule against the concentration gradient (low to high) or to import/export a bulky molecule, such as a sugar or a protein, across the membrane

Question 13: local signaling

Answer:

signaling between adjacent cells (paracrine, autocrine, and synaptic)

Question 14: cell membrane

Answer:

unique layer that surrounds the cell and performs numerous functions; composed of the phospholipid bilayer, which controls the import and export of various substances into the cell

Question 15: nucleus

Answer:

contains all the cell's genetic information in the form of DNA; where replication and transcription occur

Question 16: ribosome

Answer:

two protein unit that reads mRNA and creates an amino acid, with the assistance of transport proteins

Question 17: transmembrane proteins

Answer:

cross the entire membrane, allow the transportation of molecules into and out of the cell

Question 18: mitochondria

Answer:

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

Question 19: isotonic

Answer:

same concentration inside and outside the cell

Question 20: hypertonic

Answer:

the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than that inside the cell

Question 21: passive transport

Answer:

does not require energy and allows molecules to passively diffuse

Question 22: neurotransmitter

Answer:

chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons