HESI A2 BIOLOGY EXAM TERMS DEFINITIONS FOR 2024

PDF Download HESI A2 BIOLOGY EXAM TERMS & DEFINITIONS FOR 2024 Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

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-Guarantee passing score -68 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: Binary Fission

Answer:

type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells

Question 2: Transcription

Answer:

(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA

Question 3: Ribosomes

Answer:

Read RNA and make proteins. Found in the ER and in the cytoplasm

Question 4: Cytokinesis

Answer:

division of the cytoplasm

Question 5: Gylcolysis

Answer:

glucose to pyruvate, takes place in the cytosol (2 atp, 2 nadh, 2 pyruvate)

Question 6: Meiosis

Answer:

a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

Question 7: Photosynthesis Formula

Answer:

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ---> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 (carbon dioxide+ water+ sunlight = glucose and oxygen)

Question 8: Formula for Cellular Respiration

Answer:

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ENERGY (ATP) Glucose+oxygen = carbon dioxide, water and energy

Question 9: hypertonic solution

Answer:

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution (causes cell to shrink)

Question 10: isotonic solution

Answer:

a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell

Question 11: Hypothesis

Answer:

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Question 12: What are the 2 pathways for cellular energy production?

Answer:

aerobic (cellular respiration) and anerobic (fermentation)

Question 13: Steroids

Answer:

Made of four rings of carbon. Components of the cell membrane and act as precursors to hormones/drugs

Question 14: Phospholipids

Answer:

• fatty acids bonded to a phosphate group

-phosphate head has a charge and is polar/soluable in h20 (hydrophilic head) -fatty acid tails are nonpolar/not soluable in h20 (hydrophobic tail)

Question 15: Homozygous

Answer:

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

Question 16: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer:

made of 2 parts: rough and smooth ER

-rough ER has ribosomes and produces proteins/membranes -smooth ER lacks ribosomes and functions in detoxification and metabolism of multiple molecules

Question 17: Nucleic Acids

Answer:

DNA and RNA

Question 18: What are the phases of Mitosis?

Answer:

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 19: What are the 3 steps in cellular respiration?

Answer:

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

Question 20: NADH

Answer:

electron carrier that stores energy used to make ATP

Question 21: Eukaryotic Cell

Answer:

cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 22: Describe the steps of Translation

Answer:

mRNA carries the info for making proteins and tRNA and rRNA build amino acid chains from the info.

Question 23: Saturated Fatty Acids

Answer:

no double bonds, solid at room temp

Question 24: What happens during prophase 1?

Answer:

crossing over

Question 25: Prokaryotic Cell

Answer:

cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 26: passive transport

Answer:

Requires NO energy, Movement of molecules from high to low concentration, Moves with the concentration gradient