HESI A2 BIOLOGY TERMS EXAM QUESTIONS

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HESI A2 BIOLOGY TERMS EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -100 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: metaphase I

Answer:

the chromosomes align in the middle of the cell and begin to pull apart from one another

Question 2: lagging strand

Answer:

runs from 5' to 3', has to be synthesized piece by piece in chunks called Okazaki fragments

Question 3: Golgi apparatus

Answer:

collects, packages, and distributes the proteins produced by ribosomes

Question 4: chemiosmotic potential

Answer:

the driving force to make tonicity equal across a membrane

Question 5: telophase and cytokinesis

Answer:

the last part of the cell cycle; the cell membrane splits, and two new daughter cells are formed; the nucleolus, containing DNA, reforms

Question 6: DNA telomerase

Answer:

lengthens the telomeres at the end of each strand of DNA, allowing it to be copied additional times

Question 7: elongation

Answer:

new strands of DNA are created; single-strand binding proteins (SSBs) will bind each strand of the DNA; DNA polymerase will attach and start replicating the strands by synthesizing a new, complementary strand; DNA polymerase reads the DNA in the 3' to 5' direction, meaning the new strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction

Question 8: capillary action

Answer:

the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid; allows water to climb against gravity

Question 9: promoter

Answer:

initiates transcription

Question 10: four phases of the cell cycle

Answer:

G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase & mitotic phase

Question 11: photosynthesis

Answer:

plants, along with some bacteria and algae, harness the energy of sunlight and transform it into chemical energy

Question 12: frame-shift mutation

Answer:

adding or removing nucleotides from a stretch of DNA changes the total amount of DNA, which can influence how the gene is read by RNA polymerase

Question 13: nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

Answer:

contains all of its genetic info in the form of DNA; DNA replication and transcription occur

Question 14: initiation

Answer:

an initiator protein binds to regions of DNA known as origin sites; DNA polymerase complex will be able to attach and DNA helices unwinds DNA into two separate single strands

Question 15: translation

Answer:

converts the mRNA transcript into a useable protein; this process occurs in a ribosome, which lines up the mRNA so it can bind to the appropriate tRNA; each tRNA includes an amino acid and an anticodon; the process stops when a stop codon is reached in the sequence; these codons activate a protein called a release factor, which binds to the ribosome; the ribosome will split apart after the release factor binds; this releases the newly formed amino acid chain

Question 16: gap junctions

Answer:

exist between the membranes of two cells that can allow signaling molecules to directly enter the cells

Question 17: unsaturated fats

Answer:

like oils, tend to be liquid at room temp

Question 18: organelles

Answer:

a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Question 19: nucleotides

Answer:

composed of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 20: water

Answer:

often referred to as the universal solvent

Question 21: facilitated diffusion

Answer:

a form of passive transport the does not require energy but does require the use of proteins located on the cell membrane

Question 22: prophase II

Answer:

a spindle forms and aligns the chromosomes; no crossing over occurs

Question 23: cohesion

Answer:

attraction between two water molecules

Question 24: haploid (1n)

Answer:

cells with one set of chromosomes

Question 25: DNA ligase

Answer:

fixes small breaks in the DNA strand and is used to seal the finished DNA strands

Question 26: anaphase I

Answer:

the homologous chromosomes separate and move toward opposite sides of the cell