HESI A2 CHEMISTRY: BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM QUESTIONS

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HESI A2 CHEMISTRY: BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -33 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: Double helix

Answer:

• chains or strands twist around each other like the strands of a rope

Question 2: Unsaturated fats

Answer:

• or more double bonds b/w some of the carbon atoms of the fatty acid chains; more desirable

Question 3: Disaccharides

Answer:

• monosaccharides joined together; sucrose; lactose

Question 4: Nucleic acids

Answer:

Biological brain of life, telling the cell what it will do and how to do it. Include DNA and RNA, both nucleotide chains that contain genetic info. Found in all living cells and viruses.

Question 5: Oligosaccharide

Answer:

When 3 to 6 monosaccharides are joined together

Question 6: Number of proteins necessary for life

Answer:

20 amino acids needed to make all the proteins

Question 7: Cholesterol

Answer:

Fat composed of a four-ring structure and a side chain; obligatory precursor for many important biological molecules such as steroid hormones

Question 8: Peptides/polypeptides

Answer:

Groups of fewer than 30 amino acids

Question 9: Proteins

Answer:

Made up of amino acids

Question 10: RNA bases

Answer:

Doesn't use thymine, but instead uracil. Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and URACIL

Question 11: Glycolysis

Answer:

Breakdown of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate; also produces a net two molecules of ATP BREAKDOWN GLUCOSE to MAKE ATP

Question 12: DNA

Answer:

Composed of deoxyribose, 5 carbon sugar (pentose), and a phosphate.

1.Found in nucleus

• sugar is

deoxyribose

Question 13: Amino acid

Answer:

Molecule composed of a carbon atom bonded with 4 other groups: an amine group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen, and a R group. R group is different for each amino acid.

Question 14: Fatty acid

Answer:

Hydrocarbon chain with an acid group, the carboxyl group (COOH), at one end.

Question 15: Dipeptide

Answer:

Union of 2 amino acids using a peptide bond

Question 16: Deoxyribose and ribose

Answer:

Used in formation of DNA and RNA

Question 17: Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer:

In aerobic cells with sufficient oxygen, like most human cells, the pyruvate is further metabolized by..Generates more molecules of ATP, water, and CO2.

Question 18: Polysaccharide

Answer:

When more than 6 monosaccharides are joined together; also called a starch; cellulose & glycogen

Question 19: Saturated fats

Answer:

Have no double bond b/w carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain; more harmful

Question 20: ATP

Answer:

Substance cells use for energy

Question 21: RNA

Answer:

Single strand of ribose, and 5 carbon carbohydrate, in a sugar phosphate chain.

1.Found in nucleus and cytoplasm 2.sugar is ribose.

Question 22: Nucleic acid location

Answer:

Nucleus, but some are found in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of individual cells.

Question 23: Biochemistry

Answer:

Study of chemical processes in living organisms

Question 24: Anaerobic glycolysis

Answer:

When there is not enough oxygen; Converts glucose to lactate instead of pyruvate. Lactate causes cramps

Question 25: Fat usage

Answer:

insulate body organs against shock, to maintain body temp, to keep skin and hair healthy, and to promote healthy cell function; also energy sources for the body

Question 26: Gluconeogenesis

Answer:

Liver can make glucose from other noncarbohydrate sources, such as proteins and part of fats; glucose can then undergo glycolysis or stored as glycogen

MAKE GLUCOSE

Question 27: Lipids

Answer:

fats, oils, and fatty acids