HESI A2 NURSING ADMISSION TEST- BIOLOGY

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HESI A2 NURSING ADMISSION TEST- BIOLOGY

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -22 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Answer:

The G1, S, and G2 phases are all phases within interphase. S phase is when DNA is replicated. The G1 and G2 phases are periods of cell growth (G1 = first growth phase, G2 = second growth phase and preparation for division). M phase includes mitosis and cytokinesis.Question 2: Which of the following is a correct description of metaphase during mitosis?

Answer:

Chromosomes align along the center of the cell.During metaphase, the chromosomes align along the center of the cell. During prophase, chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope disappears during prometaphase. Anaphase is when the chromosomes start to separate from each other. Telophase is when the chromosomes gather on either side of the now dividing cell; it is followed by cytokinesis Question 3: Which of the following processes begins with a diploid cell and ends in the formation of diploid cells?

Answer:

mitosis only Mitosis makes two identical daughter cells from an original parent cell and does not reduce chromosome content. Meiosis is a process that begins with a diploid cell and results in the formation of haploid cells.

Question 4: Which type of large biological molecule is correctly matched with the type of small molecule that composes it?

Answer:

Carbohydrates: sugars

Carbohydrates are composed of sugars like glucose. Lipids including fats and phospholipids are composed of fatty acids. Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides. Proteins are composed of amino acids.Question 5: Which parts of two complementary nucleotides interact with each other in a double-stranded DNA molecule?

Answer:

The nitrogenous bases of complementary nucleotides hydrogen bond with each other in a double-stranded DNA molecule. Within a single DNA strand, a sugar molecule of one nucleotide covalently bonds to the phosphate group of the next nucleotide to form the sugar-phosphate backbone.Question 6: The term that describes a phospholipid having both a hydrophilic end and a

hydrophobic end:

Answer:

Amphipathic.Amphipathic is the term that describes how phospholipids each have a hydrophilic end as well as a hydrophobic end. A fatty acid having one or more double bonds is unsaturated. A saturated fatty acid lacks double bonds. Cell membranes composed of phospholipids with embedded proteins are selectively permeable, meaning that they allow some substances to freely flow through while restricting the movement of other substances.

Question 7: Which of the following activities does NOT lead to ATP production?

Answer:

calvin cycle The various steps in cellular respiration (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain) each produce ATP. The Calvin cycle takes place during photosynthesis and does not produce ATP but rather uses it to produce sugar.

Question 8: What are the products of the Krebs cycle?

Answer:

CO2, ATP, and NADH The Krebs cycle breaks down pyruvate fully to CO2, producing energy in the form of ATPs and NADH (and FADH2). Glycolysis breaks down glucose to produce NADH, ATP, and pyruvate. The passage of electrons through the electron transport chain results in the formation of H2O and ATP. Photosynthesis results in the formation of O2 and glucose.

Question 9: Glycolysis is the conversion of _______ to ______ .

Answer:

Glucose, pyruvate Glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to pyruvate, and it is the first step in the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the group of processes that fully oxidizes glucose to CO2 to make ATP; it includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glucose is made from CO2 during the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, not during glycolysis.

Question 10: Where can ribosomes be found inside of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer:

On the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm Ribosomes can be found in two places in a eukaryotic cell: on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) or free floating in the cytoplasm.

Question 11: Which process synthesizes mRNA using DNA as the template?

Answer:

Transcription is the process that synthesizes mRNA using DNA as the template. Replication duplicates DNA using DNA as the template. Translation (protein synthesis) uses mRNA to make a protein.Cytokinesis is the process by which two newly made cells fully divider from each other.Question 12: Which of the following is the MOST inclusive category in the hierarchical organizational system for nomenclature?

Answer:

kingdom The most inclusive category is Kingdom. The most restrictive would be Species. The mnemonic "King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti," can be used to recall the order of the categories within this organizational system from most inclusive to most restrictive.Question 13: For a trait that shows a simple dominance inheritance pattern, which genotypes will result in the individual having the dominant phenotype?

Answer:

RR and Rr For simple dominance, an individual requires only one copy of the dominant allele (R in this case) to have the dominant phenotype. Therefore, individuals having the RR and Rr genotypes will have the dominant phenotype. An individual with the rr genotype will have the recessive phenotype.

Question 14: Which of the following is an example of a heterozygous genotype?

Answer:

Tt A heterozygote is diploid and has two different alleles for a given gene. Here, only Tt is a heterozygous genotype. Both TT and tt are homozygous, having two copies of the same allele for a given gene. The genotype T does not indicate a diploid cell.Question 15: Which term refers to when one gene influences multiple seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits?

Answer:

Pleiotropy Pleiotropy refers to when one gene influences multiple seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. Simple dominance refers to when being either homozygous dominant or heterozygous results in the individual having the same dominant phenotype. Epistasis refers to an situation where two or more genes interact whereby the genotype at one gene influences the expression of the genotype at another allele.Polygenic inheritance refers to when one phenotypic trait is influenced by multiple genes.Question 16: The plasma membrane of a cell is composed of:

Answer:

a bilayer of phospholipids with proteins inserted

Question 10 Explanation:

The plasma membrane is composed of a bilayer of phospholipids into which proteins and cholesterol are inserted.Question 17: Which of the following types of cell results from cell division by meiosis?

Answer:

sperm cell Meiosis results in the formation of gametes like sperm cells (in males) and egg cells (in females). All other body cells, called somatic cells, undergo mitosis, not meiosis, to produce more cells.Question 18: Which best describes the bonds between atoms within a water molecule?

Answer:

The bonds between atoms within the water molecule are polar covalent bonds, resulting in the unequal sharing of electrons. Within a water molecule, the electrons in each covalent bond are held closer to the O atom compared to the H atoms. This makes the O-end of each water molecule have a partial negative charge, while the H ends have a partial positive charge. Therefore, a partial positive end of one water molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge of another water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond.