HESI A2BIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS

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HESI A2/BIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -100 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: Nucleotides in DNA

Answer:

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 2: Triglycerides

Answer:

an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.

Question 3: Important properties of water

Answer:

high polarity hydrogen bonding cohesiveness adhesiveness high specific heat high latent heat high heat of vaporization

Question 4: Protista Kingdom

Answer:

unicellular, protozoans and unicellular and multi cellular algae.

Question 5: nucleoplasm

Answer:

This is the liquid within the nucleus and is similar to cytoplasm.

Question 6: carbohydrates

Answer:

are the primary source of energy and are responsible for providing energy as they can be easily converted to glucose. it is the oxidation of carbohydrates that provides the cells with most of their energy.Glucose can be further broken down by respiration or fermentation by glycolysis.They are involved in the metabolic energy cycles of photosynthesis and respiration.Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hyrdrogen, and oxygen.Carbohydrates are broken down into sugars or glucose.The simple sugars can be grouped into monosaccharides and disaccharides.

Question 7: Lipids

Answer:

are molecules that are soluable in nonpolar solvents but they are hydrophobic meaning they do not bond well with water or mix well with water solutions. Lipids have numerous C-H bonds.The major roles of lipids include energy storage and structural functions.Examples of lipids include fats, phospholipids, steroids and waxes.

Question 8: Oils

Answer:

lipids that are liquid at room temperature

Question 9: cytoskeleton

Answer:

This consists of microtubules that help shape and support the cell.

Question 10: amino acids

Answer:

building blocks of proteins

Question 11: R group (side chain)

Answer:

part of amino acid that determines the molecule's physical and chemical properties

Question 12: ribosomes

Answer:

ribosomes are involved in synthesizing proteins from amino acids. They are numerous, making up about one quarter of the cell. Some cells contain thousands of ribosomes. Some are mobile and some are embedded in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 13: cell signaling

Answer:

how communications are carried out within a cell

Question 14: catabolic reaction

Answer:

any chemical reaction that breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules.catabolic reactions release energy

Question 15: Nucleus

Answer:

This is a small structure that contains the chromosomes and regulates the DNA of a cell. The nucleus is the defining structure of eukaryotic cells, and all eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. The nucleus is responsible for the passing on of genetic trait between generations. The nucleus contains a nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, a nucleolus, nuclear pores, chromatin and ribosomes.

Question 16: binomial nomenclature

Answer:

Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name

Question 17: carboxylic acid group

Answer:

A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R-COOH, with R referring to the rest of the molecule. Carboxylic acids occur widely and include the amino acids and acetic acid.Amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, also known as the alpha (?) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom.

Question 18: Natural selection

Answer:

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

Question 19: Polymers

Answer:

large compound formed from combinations of many monomers Question 20: The four basic organic macromolecules produced by anabolic reactions are

Answer:

• carbohydrates (polysaccharides)
• .nucleic acids

• proteins

4.lipids

Question 21: Enzymes

Answer:

are proteins with a strong catalytic power. they greatly accelerate the speed at which specific reactions approach equilibrium. Although enzymes do not start chemical reactions that would not eventually occur by themselves, they do make these reactions happen faster and more often.Each type of enzyme deals with reactants also called substrates. Each enzyme is highly selective only interacting with substrates that are a match for it at an active site on the enzyme. This is the "key in the lock" analogy; a certain enzyme only fits with certain substrates. Even with a matching substrate though the fit is not always perfect.Sometimes an enzyme must reshape itself to fit well with the substrate , forming a strong bond that aids in catalyzing a reaction before it returns to its original shape. An unusual quality of enzymes is that they are not permanently consumed in the reactions they speed up. They can be used again and again, providing a constant source of every accelerants for cells. This allows for a tremendous increase in the number and rate of reactions in cells.