HESI Advanced Pathophysiology Review 2026/2027 Questions and Answers

HESI Advanced Pathophysiology Review ( 2026/2027 ) Questions and Answers
1. CKD patho - lab values:
Answer:
azotemia - increased serum urea, serum creatinine,
& other nitrogenous compounds
Uremia
Proteinuria
urine sediment
elevated potassium
elevated creatinine clearance
anemia
elevated potassium
GFR < 15 mL/min = dialysis
2. colon cancer risk factors:
Answer:
-obesity
-ETOH
-Family hx
-polyposis
-UC
-Diet: high fat, high red meat, low fruits, low fiber
-Smoking
3. Colon cancer screening:
Answer:
Begin at 50
FOBT (fecal occult blood test)
Colonoscopy q 10y
-monitoring for recurrence using eval of serum levels of tumor marker
carcinoembryonic
antigen (CEA)
4. colorectal cancer manifestations:
Answer:
gradual onset of changes in bowel movements,
melena or hematochezia, weight loss, abdominal pain, and bowel obstruction