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What are the four main routes of exposure to toxic substances, and how
can nursing professionals minimize these risks?
- The four main routes of exposure are inhalation, ingestion, dermal
contact, and injection. Nursing professionals can minimize these risks by
implementing proper ventilation systems, promoting safe handling and
storage of chemicals, providing personal protective equipment, and
adhering to safe injection practices.
Explain the difference between acute and chronic toxicity, and provide an
example of each.
- Acute toxicity refers to the immediate adverse effects of a single
exposure to a toxic substance, while chronic toxicity pertains to the longterm harmful effects resulting from repeated exposures. An example of
acute toxicity is an individual experiencing nausea and vomiting after
ingesting a cleaning product, whereas chronic toxicity can be seen in cases
of prolonged exposure to asbestos leading to lung diseases like
mesothelioma.
Define LD50 and explain its significance in toxicology.
- LD50 (Lethal Dose 50) is a measurement used to determine the dose of a
substance that will cause death in 50% of the exposed population. It helps
toxicologists gauge the relative toxicity of different substances and assists
in establishing safe exposure limits for individuals.
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