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1. Which of the following is the correct order of the
meninges from superficial to deep?
a) Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
b) Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
c) Arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater
d) Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater
Answer: A. The meninges are three layers of protective
tissue that surround the spinal cord and brain. The dura
mater is the outermost layer, followed by the arachnoid
mater and the pia mater.
2. What is the name of the bundle of nerve roots that
extends from the end of the spinal cord to the lower back?
a) Cauda equina
b) Filum terminale
c) Conus medullaris
d) Lumbar plexus
Answer: A. The cauda equina (Latin for "horse's tail") is a
collection of spinal nerves that exit the spinal cord at
different levels and form a fan-like structure. The filum
terminale is a thin strand of tissue that anchors the spinal
cord to the coccyx. The conus medullaris is the tapered end
of the spinal cord. The lumbar plexus is a network of
nerves that supplies the lower limbs.
3. Which of the following spinal cord segments contains
neurons that innervate the diaphragm?
a) C1-C2
b) C3-C5
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