Human Physiology BIO 256 Practice Exam 2026/2027 Updated Solved (4pages)

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be - ANS-Ovaries produce estrogen with leutinizing hormone (LH) stimulation, estrogen stimulates more pituitary LH secretion In positive feedback, - ANS-the response of the system amplifies the input response. which is the fluid found between cells in your blood? - ANS-interstitial fluid When the body is under stress, including during heavy exercise, blood must continue to flow to vital organs. The two most vital organs are the - ANS-brain and heart which is an organic molecule? - ANS-DNA Water absorbs and releases large amounts of heat before changing temperature. This is important in - ANS-maintenance of body temperature anions have a _____ charger and are formed when they have _____ an electron to/from a cation - ANS-negative; gained which releases OH- in water? - ANS-bases buffers keep ____ constant in our bodies - ANS-pH A molecule that is a mirror image of another, having a key functional group oriented in a different direction, is called ____ of the other. - ANS-an enantiomer steroid hormones are - ANS-lipids Which of the following characteristics do all lipid molecules have in common? - ANSthey are all nonpolar, at least in part Monounsaturated fatty acids have ___ double bond(s). - ANS-1 which is not apart of an amino acid? - ANS-glucose (are apart of amino acids are carboxyl group (-COOH), central carbon atom, amino group (NH2) Which of the following proteins is composed of four polypeptides and has quaternary structure? - ANS-hemoglobin Enzymes are _____ proteins - ANS-globular Which is not a function of proteins? - ANS-provide genetic code which molecule always consists of a single strand of nucleotides? - ANS-mRNA RNA is synthesized by ______; protein is synthesized by _______. - ANS-transcription, translation Which is the RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome where protein is made? - ANS-tRNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from chromosomes to the ______. - ANS-ribosomes If a cell needs to make a lot of one certain protein, you would see many ___ if you observed the cell using an electron microscope. - ANS-polyribosomes What causes two different cells in one individual to display different characteristics? - ANS-different genes are expressed The main exergonic reaction that drives most of the body's endergonic reactions is the - ANS-hydrolysis of ATP Carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme, catalyzes a reversible reaction converting carbons from CO2 into carbonic acid. The specific area of the enzyme where carbonic acid attaches to it is known as the - ANS-active site NAD is a - ANS-coenzyme in glycolysis - ANS-pyruvate is made oxygen is used as the final electron acceptor in the - ANS-electron transport chain When glucose is catabolized under _____ conditions, pyuvates will lose a carbon. Then the acetate made will cross the mitochondrial wall and enter the Krebs cycle. - ANSaerobic How many NET ATP are formed from the entire cellular respiration process (glycolysis, transition reaction, Krebs cycle & oxidative phosphorylation)? - ANS-38 Diffusion of solutes down their concentration gradient through a membrane by use of a transport protein is called - ANS-facilitated diffusion Crenation of blood cells occurs when they are placed in a(n) - ANS-hypertonic solution