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1. What is the purpose of debriefing in simulation-based
education? (Select one)
a) To provide feedback and evaluation to the learners
b) To enhance learning and promote reflection
c) To correct mistakes and reinforce correct actions
d) To test the learners' knowledge and skills
Answer: b) To enhance learning and promote reflection
Rationale: Debriefing is a structured and facilitated
discussion that aims to help learners make sense of their
simulation experience, identify what they learned, and
apply it to future situations. Debriefing is not meant to be a
one-way feedback or evaluation session, nor a simple
review of what went wrong or right. Debriefing is a
learner-centered process that fosters reflection and deeper
learning.
2. What are the three phases of debriefing proposed by
Rudolph et al. (2007)? (Select one)
a) Reaction, analysis, and summary
b) Description, interpretation, and application
c) Introduction, exploration, and closure
d) Preparation, facilitation, and evaluation
Answer: c) Introduction, exploration, and closure
Rationale: Rudolph et al. (2007) proposed a three-phase
model of debriefing that consists of introduction,
exploration, and closure. The introduction phase sets the
tone and expectations for the debriefing session, establishes
psychological safety, and invites learners to share their
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