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1. John is a 45-year-old man who has been diagnosed with
hypertension and obesity. He wants to improve his health
by making some lifestyle changes. His doctor has advised
him to reduce his sodium intake, increase his physical
activity, and lose weight. Which of the following strategies
would be most effective for John to achieve these goals?
a) Follow a DASH diet, join a gym, and monitor his weight
weekly.
b) Cut out all processed foods, walk for 30 minutes every
day, and set a realistic weight loss target.
c) Use salt substitutes, do some resistance training, and
follow a low-carb diet.
d) *Limit his sodium intake to less than 1500 mg per day,
do moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for at least 150
minutes per week, and create a calorie deficit of 500 kcal
per day.*
Rationale: Option d is the most effective strategy for John
because it follows the evidence-based recommendations for
hypertension and obesity management. A DASH diet
(option a) is also beneficial for lowering blood pressure,
but it may not be enough to achieve weight loss. Cutting
out all processed foods (option b) may reduce sodium
intake, but it may also eliminate some healthy foods such
as whole grains, low-fat dairy, and lean meats. Salt
substitutes (option c) may contain potassium chloride,
which can interact with some blood pressure medications
and cause hyperkalemia. Resistance training (option c) is
good for building muscle mass and strength, but it may notÂ
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