Labor & Delivery Exam Prep (2026/2027 Update) Study Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct

Labor & Delivery Exam Prep (2026/2027 Update) Study Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct

Labor & Delivery Exam Prep (2026/2027

Update) Study Guide with Questions and

Verified Answers| 100% Correct

Q: Describe a longitudinal fetal lie.

Answer:

Head or buttocks of fetus enter pelvis first

Q: Describe a transverse fetal lie.

Answer:

Long axis of baby is at a right angle with the long axis of the mother

Q: What are the two "attitudes" of a fetus?

Answer:

Flexion

Extension

Q: Describe flexion.

Answer:

Normal; head, arms, and legs flexed tightly against the body. Smaller diameter than with

extension.

Q: Describe extension.

Answer:

Abnormal; head is extended. Larger diameter than with flexion. Increases risk of C - section.

Q: What are the different types of fetus presentation?

Answer:

Cephalic

Sacrum/Breech (Frank, Full, Footling)

Footling

Shoulder

Q: Describe cephalic presentation.

Answer:

Head enters birth canal first (most births; normal.)

Q: Describe frank breech.

Answer:

Fetus is folded in half

Q: Describe full breech.

Answer:

Reversal of normal fetal position; head, hips, and knees flexed but buttocks is presenting.

Q: Describe footling breech.

Answer:

One or both feet are presenting. Increased risk of C - Section.

Q: Describe shoulder presentation.

Answer:

C - section. Transverse lie. Rare.

Q: What different things may present in the cephalic presentation?

Answer:

Flexed

Moderate flexion

Slight extension

Full extension

Q: Describe flexed cephalic presentation.

Answer:

Vertex is presenting; most common; most favorable.

Q: Describe moderate flexion cephalic presentation.

Answer:

Military; sinciput; neutral position; occipitofrontal diameter presenting. Usually temporary.

Usually flexes or extends.

Q: Describe slight extension cephalic presentation.

Answer:

Brow; longest supraoccipitomental diameter is presenting. Bruising, swelling may occur on

baby's face.

Q: Describe full extension cephalic presentation.

Answer:

Face; submentobregmatic diameter is presenting. Bruising, swelling may occur on baby's face.

Q: What is the landmark that determines the fetus position?

Answer:

Occiput

Q: How is position indicated? What are the abbreviations?

Answer:

Indicated by abbreviations: LOA (left occiput anterior), LOP (left occiput posterior), LOT (left

occiput transverse), ROA (right occiput anterior), ROP (right occiput posterior), ROT (right

occiput transverse).

Q: How do you determine if a fetus' position is anterior, posterior, or transverse?

Answer:

Determine what quadrant the occiput is in, r/t mom's pelvis.

Q: What may occur if the fetus' position is posterior?

Answer:

Increased back pain for mom; Increased time in labor