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1. What is the term for the smallest unit of sound in a
language that can change the meaning of a word?
a) phoneme*
b) grapheme
c) morpheme
d) syllable
Rationale: A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound
that can distinguish words, such as /p/ and /b/ in "pat"
and "bat". A grapheme is a written representation of a
phoneme, such as "p" and "b". A morpheme is the
smallest unit of meaning in a word, such as "un-" and
"-ed". A syllable is a unit of speech that contains a
vowel sound, such as "pa" and "bat".
2. What is the term for the relationship between the
sounds and the spellings of words in a language?
a) orthography*
b) phonology
c) morphology
d) etymology
Rationale: Orthography is the study of the
conventions and rules for writing a language,
including the correspondence between sounds and
spellings. Phonology is the study of the sound system
of a language, including how sounds are produced,
combined, and distinguished. Morphology is the study
of the structure and formation of words, including how
morphemes are combined and inflected. Etymology is
the study of the origin and history of words, including
how they have changed over time.
3. What is the term for a letter or combination of
letters that represents a single phoneme in a word?
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