LIFESCI 7C Midterm 2 (Individual Stage) Exam | Questions and Answers | 2026 Update | 100% Correct- UCLA

LIFESCI 7C Midterm 2 (Individual Stage) Exam | Questions and Answers | 2026 Update | 100% Correct- UCLA
GRAVITY, MOVEMENT, AND SOUND
● Hair cells: a specialized mechanoreceptor that senses movement and
vibration
● Stereocilia: Nonmotile cell-surface projections on hair cells whose movement causes a
depolarization of the cell’s membrane.
Hair cells sense gravity and motion.
● Lateral lining: In fish and sharks, a sensory organ along both sides of the body that
uses hair cells to detect movement of the surrounding water.
● Statocyst: A type of gravity-sensing organ found in most invertebrates
● Statolith: free to move within the statocyst organ
â—‹ Presses down on hair cells at the bottom of the chamber which
activates those cells
â—‹ Help with orientation with sea anemones
â—‹ Determine the direction of gravity
Mammalian ear
Vestibular system: system of mammalian inner ear
1. Two statocyst chambers
2. 3 semicircular canals
â—‹ semicircular canal: One of three connected fluid-filled tubes in the
mammalian inner ear that contains hair cells that sense angular
motions of the head in three perpendicular planes (balance)
â—‹ Provides sense of gravity and body orientation
Mammals respond much faster to head motion than visual cues
Hair cells detect the physical vibrations of sound.
External structure of Ear
Outer ear
● the ear canal
● tympanic membrane( mammalian eardrum): transmits airborne sounds in the ear.
● Pinna: enhances the reception of sound waves contacting the ear.
â—‹ Orients ear toward sound
Middle ear: made of 3 small bones all amplify the waves that struck the tympanic
membrane
● Malleus: helps amplify the waves that strike the tympanic membrane
● Incus:
● Stapes: connects to the oval window of the cochlea
Oval window is between the middle and inner ear.
Inner ear:
Cochlea: coiled chamber within the skull that contains hair
cells(release neurotransmitters) that convert pressure waves into
electrical impulse sent to the brain.
Process of hearing:
1. Amplification:
â—‹ stapes transmits the energy of its movements to vibrations of the oval
window of the cochlea in the inner ear.
2. Transfer of sound vibration to fluid pressure waves.
â—‹ Cochlea contains fluid and an upper and a lower canal
separated by a basilar membrane and a cochlear duct
3. Mechanoreception by hair cells within the cochlea
â—‹ The cochlear duct houses the organ of corti which
contains specialized hair cells with stereocilia, hair cells
supported by basilar membrane
â—‹ Stereocilia form a “V” and project into a rigid tectorial
membrane that doesn't move 

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