MCAT (Medical College Admission Test) Challenge; 1,842 Terms with Correct Detailed Solutions Updated 2026/2027 (228pages)

MCAT resolution - Correct Answer: differentiate close objects magnification - Correct Answer: increase size eyepiece magnification - Correct Answer: 10x objective magnification - Correct Answer: 4x,10x,20x, 100x Cell Theory - Correct Answer: -all living things composed of cells -cell=basic functional unit of life -cells from other cells only -cells have DNA (parent-->daughter cells) total magnification - Correct Answer: eyepiece x objective diaphragm (microscope) - Correct Answer: controls light image contrast hematoxylin - Correct Answer: -commonly used dye -shows nucleic acids (DNA,RNA) how does the dye hematoxylin show nucleic acids? - Correct Answer: binds to the negative sugar-phosphate backbone phase contrast microscope - Correct Answer: -living organisms MCAT -differences in refractive indices among different subcellular structures electron microscope - Correct Answer: -atomic level -samples must be sliced thinly and impregnated with heavy metals for contrast prokaryotes - Correct Answer: before nuclei (no nuclei) eukaryotes - Correct Answer: after nuclei types of prokaryotes - Correct Answer: bacteria and blue-green algae prokaryote characteristics - Correct Answer: -unicellular -no nucleus or membrane bound organelles -cell wall in all -ability to carry other pieces of DNA What type of genetic material is present within prokaryotes? - Correct Answer: - single circle molecule of DNA -within nucleoid region plasmids - Correct Answer: -circular DNA -small -few genes -replicate independently MCAT cocci - Correct Answer: spherical bacteria bacilli - Correct Answer: rod-shaped bacteria how do antibacterials work? - Correct Answer: tend to attack bacterial specific structures Eukaryote characteristics - Correct Answer: -protists, fungi, plants, and animals -cell walls in fungi and plants -nucleus -unicellular or multicellular cytoskeleton proteins - Correct Answer: -actin filaments -intermediate filaments -microtubules Smallest cytoskeleton proteins - Correct Answer: actin filaments largest cytoskeleton proteins - Correct Answer: microtubules phospholipid bilayer - Correct Answer: -hydrophobic nonpolar tail -hydrophilic polar head -cholesterol molecules purpose of cholesterol in phospholipid bilayer - Correct Answer: regulate fluidit