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1. A patient with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril, an angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The nurse should monitor the patient for
which of the following adverse effects of this drug?
a) Hyperkalemia*
b) Hypoglycemia
c) Hyponatremia
d) Hypocalcemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia by inhibiting the secretion of
aldosterone, which regulates potassium excretion. Hypoglycemia,
hyponatremia, and hypocalcemia are not common side effects of ACE
inhibitors.
2. A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed metformin, a biguanide
antidiabetic agent. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which of the
following substances while taking this drug?
a) Alcohol*
b) Caffeine
c) Grapefruit juice
d) Milk
Rationale: Alcohol can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, a rare but serious
complication of metformin therapy. Caffeine, grapefruit juice, and milk do not
interact significantly with metformin.
3. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed
albuterol, a beta2-adrenergic agonist bronchodilator. The nurse should teach
the patient to report which of the following signs of toxicity or overdose of this
drug?
a) Tremors*
b) Bradycardia
c) Constipation
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