MEDICAL SURGICAL PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

MEDICAL SURGICAL PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1.A nurse is collecting data from a client who has peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following finding is a
manifestation of gastrointestinal perforation?
A.Hyperactive bowel sounds
B.Severe upper abdominal pain
C.Report of epigastric fullness
D.Bradycardia
ANS: Severe upper abdominal pain.
Sudden, severe abdominal pain that radiates to the shoulder is a manifestation of gastrointestinal perforation.
2.A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with a client who tells the nurse she would like to reduce her solid fat intake and
increase oil intake in her diet. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in her teaching?
A.Replace tub margarine with stick margarine
B.Use safflower oil instead of butter when baking
C.Consume 2% or whole milk
D.Choose ground beef that is at least 80% lean meat
ANS: Use safflower oil instead of butter when baking
The client should replace butter with safflower oil when baking to decrease solid fats and increase oil intake.
3.A nurse is administering a tap water enema to a client. The client reports cramping as the nurse instills the irrigating
solution. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to relieve the client’s discomfort?
A.Lower the height of the solution container
B.Encourage the client to bear down
C.Allow the client to expel some fluid before continuing
D.Stop the enema and document that the client did not tolerate the procedure
ANS: Lower the height of the solution container
If nausea or cramping occurs, the nurse should slow the flow of water, leaving the tube in place. The nurse should then raise
the solution container when the cramping has passed.
4.A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client how has Cron’s Disease and is experiencing frequent cramping and diarrhea.
Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
A.Increase your caloric intake by eating foods high in protein
B.Include fresh fruits and vegetables at each meal
C.Maintain your weight by eating high fat foods
D.Drink whole milk to ensure adequate calcium intake
ANS: Increase your caloric intake by eating foods high in protein
Clients who have Crohn's disease are at risk for malnutrition; therefore, they should eat a diet high in protein to help maintain
their weight and promote healing and recovery.
5.A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client that reports having constipation. Which of the following should the nurse
discuss as causes of constipation? (Select all that apply)
A.Excessive laxative use
B.Ignoring the urge to defecate
MEDICAL SURGICAL PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
C.Inadequate fluid intake
D.Increased fiber in the diet
E.Increased activity
ANS: Excessive laxative use. Chronic use of laxatives causes the large intestine to lose muscle tone and become less
responsive to stimulation by laxatives. Ignoring the urge to defecate. Anything that prevents the client from responding to the
urge to defecate and disrupts regular habits can cause possible alterations in bowel habits, such as constipation. Inadequate
fluidintake. Reduced fluid intake slows the passage of food through the intestine and can result in hardening of stool.

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