Medical-Surgical Questions with Rationale 70 questions

Medical-Surgical Questions with Rationale 70 questions:
1. A male client who had a stroke is incontinent of urine. Which action should the practical nurse (PN)
implement in providing bladder training?
A) Insert a Foley catheter at night to prevent accidents.
B) Offer the client the commode or urinal every two hours.
C) Decrease the client’s oral fluid intake to one liter per day
D) Instruct the client to hold his urine as long as possible.
During a bladder training program, the commode or urinal should be offered every two hours (B) to
establish a routine in bladder emptying and prevent urinary accidents. (A, C, and D) are not indicated.
Correct Answer(s): B
2. A client with Parkinson's disease asks the practical nurse (PN) to explain how this disease causes his
muscles to malfunction. Which underlying pathophysiology should the PN use as a basis for the
explanation?
A) Synaptic levels of norepinephrine decrease in the neuromuscular junction.
B) Cerebellar levels of acetylcholine rise and inhibit voluntary movement.
C) Degeneration of the basal ganglia leads to a decrease in dopamine levels.
D) Neuronal signals from the cerebral cortex increase acetylcholine.
Parkinson's disease is caused by a degeneration of the basal ganglia (C) and a decrease in dopamine (C),
a neurochemical transmitter that affects coordinated and fine voluntary skeletal muscle movements. (A,
B, and D) are inaccurate.
Correct Answer(s): C
3. A male client is one day postoperative for surgical repair of a fractured femur when he suddenly
experiences dyspnea, coughing, chest pain, and hemoptysis. Based on this data, what nursing diagnosis
should the practical nurse address for this client?
A) Knowledge deficit related to smoking cessation noncompliance.
B) Anxiety related to internal cues that symbolize an aspect of trauma.
C) Decreased cardiac output related to dysrhythmia.
D) Impaired gas exchange related to altered blood flow to alveoli. 

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