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Midterm Exam: NUR631/ NUR 631 ( 2026/2027 Update) Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Study Guide Questions and Answers – GCU
Midterm Exam: NUR631/ NUR 631 (
2026/2027 Update) Advanced Physiology and
Pathophysiology Study Guide Questions and
Answers – GCU
Q: hormonal hyperplasia
Answer:
occurs chiefly in estrogen-dependent organs, such as the uterus and breast (e.g. endometrium
growing after fertilization)
Q: compensatory hyperplasia
Answer:
adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate
Q: hyperkalemia treatment
Answer:
Treatment - Give diuretics, glucose/insulin
Kaexelate- insulin stimulates Na_ potassium Dadenosine triphosphatase (K=Dat- pase) pump
Q: Hormones that regulate calcium/phosphate balance are
Answer:
parathyroid hor- mone (PTH), vitamin D and calcitonin
Q: risk of recurrent of autosomal dominant disease
Answer:
50%
Q: cancer that herpes 8 causes
Answer:
Kaposi sarcoma
Q: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase risk of what?
Answer:
ovarian cancer among women
Q: chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) diagnosed by?
Answer:
bone marrow
Philadelphia chromosome
Poor prognosis
Transposition of 9 and 22 chromosomes
Q: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
Answer:
Immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) predominate. This form is seen most often in children
and adolescents; onset is sudden
high survival rate
Q: Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
Answer:
Too many myeloblasts
Most common adult leukemia
Dx by Auer Rods
bone pain and increased WBCs
Survival 24%
Q: Warburg effect
Answer:
cancer cells preferentially use glycolysis while decreasing ox- idative phosphorylation
Glucose feeds tumors
Q: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Answer:
a form of leukemia characterized by extremely high levels of lymphocytes; most often found in
middle-age adults
85% survival rate
Q: polycythemia vera
Answer:
too many RBCs
Tx: blood letting
S&S: Pruritis after warm bath, ruddy complex
Q: Multiple Myeloma diagnosed by
Answer:
Rouleaux blood film and punch out regions and Bence Jones protein (80% of cases)
Q: Multiple Myeloma symptoms
Answer:
*Bone pain*, anemia, fatigue, recurrent infec- tions
-Lytic bone lesion (punch out bone regions)
*Hypercalemia*, increase creatinine
Increased ESR
Q: Multiple Myeloma Treatment
Answer:
Steroids, Thalidomide, chemotherapy, autolo- gous, marrow transplant, Bortezomib
Viral therapy
Q: Lymphomas
Answer:
in lymph nodes - B-cells usually
Q: Hodgkin's lymphoma
Answer:
distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as
Reed-Sternberg cells
Q: Hodgkin's lymphoma symptoms
Answer:
PAINLESS
enlarged lymph nodes night sweats
fever
weight loss
Q: Burkitt's lymphoma
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