NEW STUDY AHEAD FINAL EXAM FOR ANATOMY 2026/2027) (12pages)

Distal - away from the point of attachment Proximal - Closer to the point of attachment sagittal plane - divides body into left and right frontal plane - divides the body into anterior and posterior portions Squamous - Flat,Scalelike, Squashed Cubodial - Cube like areolar connective tissue - Function: wraps and cushions organs Location: widely distributed under epithelia of body basement membrane - Layer between epithelium and underlying connective tissue cardiac muscle - Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart. cell body - Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm Chondrocytes - mature cartilage cells Collagen - Fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength Dendrite - Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information. elastic cartilage - cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than hyaline cartilage dense fibrous connective tissue - provides great strength through parallel bundles of collagenic fibers; found in tendons Axon - A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body. Adipose - fat tissue Ethmoid (bone) - Sphenoid (bone) - Maxillae (bone) - 1. The layer of connective tissue that closely surrounds a skeletal muscle is called the _________2. Another layer of connective tissue, called the __________, extends inward from the epimysium and separates the muscle tissue into groups of muscle fibers. These groups are called _________.3. Each muscle fiber within a fascicle is surrounded by a thin covering called a(n) __________4. Therefore, as described, layers of ________________ enclose and separate the various parts of a skeletal muscle. - 1. epimysium2. perimysium; fascicles3. endomysium4. connective tissue Occipital (bone) - An electrical impulse traveling along the sarcolemma and into transverse tubules causes calcium ions to diffuse from the __________ into the __________ . - sarcoplasmic reticulum; sarcoplasm What best describes the role of calcium in muscle contraction? - It binds to troponin, moving tropomyosin, so that myosin heads can bind to actin The chemicals then bind to receptors located on the _______________, a specialized area of the sarcolemma. - motor end plate Components of a skeletal muscle from largest to smallest - muscle --> fascicle --> muscle fiber --> myofibril --> filaments The binding of the chemicals to the muscle cell causes a electrical impulse to travel across the sarcolemma and down the __________ tubules. - transverse Frontal (bone) - Parietal (bone) - sarcomere - Functional unit of contraction within muscle fiber These chemicals diffuse across a small gap between the neuron and muscle fiber called the ______________ - synaptic cleft acetylcholine (Ach) - - The chemical used at the junction with a skeletal muscle cell - enables muscle action, learning, and memory At this neuromuscular junction, a ____________ releases a type of chemical called a neurotransmitter. - motor neuron synapse - The point of communication between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber Temporal (bone) - actin - Location of binding sites for myosin Zygomatic (bone) - Lacrimal (bone) - Nasal (bone) - Vomer (bone)