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1. Mr. Jones, a 78-year-old man, is admitted to the hospital
with pneumonia. He has a history of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension and diabetes. He
is receiving oxygen therapy, antibiotics and fluids. What
are the main goals of nursing care for Mr. Jones? Explain
your rationale for each goal.
- The main goals of nursing care for Mr. Jones are to:
 - Maintain adequate oxygenation and prevent respiratory
failure. This is because pneumonia can worsen his COPD
and cause hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis.
 - Prevent complications such as sepsis, dehydration,
electrolyte imbalance and renal failure. This is because
pneumonia can trigger systemic inflammation, increase
fluid loss and impair renal function.
 - Promote comfort and pain relief. This is because
pneumonia can cause chest pain, cough, fever and dyspnea
that can affect his quality of life.
 - Educate him and his family about his condition,
treatment and self-care. This is because pneumonia can be
prevented or managed by following infection control
measures, adhering to medication regimen, monitoring
blood glucose and blood pressure, and seeking timely
medical attention.
2. Mrs. Lee, a 65-year-old woman, is diagnosed with
osteoporosis after a bone density scan. She has a history ofÂ
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