NR 226 EXAM ( CHAMBERLAIN UNI ) QNS & ANS 2026/2027 (7pages)

1. What is circadian rhythm and how does it affect our day and how does it affect our day and night if we change our sleeping habits/job? Circadian rhythm 2. Identify the stages of sleep & what happens in each stage:  Stage 1: NREM o Stage lasts a few minutes; it includes lightest level of sleep. o Decrease physiological activity begins with gradual fall in vital signs and metabolism. o Sensory stimuli (ex. Noise) easily arouses person. o Awakened person feels as though daydreaming has occurred. *You don’t always remember dreams; ONLY when you are awoken by a disturbance (ex: alarm)  Stage 2: NREM o Stage lasts 10-20 minutes o A period of sound sleep o Relaxation progresses o Body functions continue to slow o Arousal remains relatively easy  Stage 3 NREM o Stage lasts 15-30 minutes o Involves initial stages of deep sleep o Muscles are completely relaxed o Vital signs decline but remain regular o Sleeper is difficult to arouse and rarely moves  Stage 4 NREM o Stage lasts approximately 15-30 minutes o Deepest stage of sleep o If sleep loss has occurred, sleeper spends a majority of the night in this stage o Vital signs are significantly lower than during waking hours o Sleep walking and enuresis (bed-wetting) sometimes occur o It is very difficult to arouse sleeper  REM Sleep: o Begins about 90 minutes after sleep has begun; *Very difficult to arouse the sleeper o Duration increases with each sleep cycle and averages 20 min. o Vivid, full-color dreaming occurs; less-vivid dreaming occurs in other stages o Characterized by: rapidly moving eyes, fluctuating heart & respiration rates, Increased or fluctuating BP, Decreased skeletal muscle tone, and increase of gastric secretions. *REM sleep necessary for brain tissue restoration & important for cognitive restoration 3. a nurse is caring for a client who has atypical depression and is taking phenelzine. which of the following is appropriate for the nurses to offer as an evening snack? low fat yogurt