NR-226 Fundamentals, NR 226 Exam 1 Review – Patient Care

Nursing Process/Critical Thinking Ch. 15-20

1) What are the steps of the nursing process?

a. 5 phases (ADPIE)

i. Assessment: Collection of information; name, WT, HT, Vital signs, Labs,

reason for the visit, physical exam, medical history. TWO STEPS: *

Collection of information & * Interpretation of data. (why low BP, high

resp.)

ii. Diagnosis: Includes critical analysis and interpretation of assessment data

that reveal a PT’s response to health problems, ID of PT needs, and

formulation or nursing diagnosis. Judgement call from data = nursing

diagnosis.

iii. Planning: Involves setting priorities, ID PT goals, prescribe nursing

interventions. Plan of care id dynamic & changes as the PTs needs change.

iv. Implementation: Nursing interventions initiated that are most likely to

achieve the goals & expected outcomes needed to support or improve the

PTs health status. Can be indirect or direct. Should be evidence-based &

provide most current approaches for PT problems.

v. Evaluation: Involves 2 components: Examination of condition &

judgement if change has occurred. This is an ongoing process &

continually redirects nursing care. It desired outcome not met, plan of care

must change, document results & revise plan of care & must reassess PT.

2) Critical thinking

a. What is it?

i. Continuous process characterized by open-mindedness, continual inquiry,

and perseverance, combined with a willingness to look at each unique PT

situation and determine which identified assumptions are true and

relevant.

b. Critical Thinking Model

i. What does each step mean and what is included in each step?

1. -Recognition: recognizes than an issue exists ((PT problem))

2. -Analyzing: analyzing information about the issue ((clinical data

about PT))

3. -Evaluating- evaluating information ((reviewing assumptions and

evidence))

4. -Decisions- making conclusions

3) Can you explain how the nursing process and critical work together?

4) What is self-reflection?

a. Self-reflection, an element of critical thinking, serves as a useful tool when you

feel overwhelmed. For example, ask yourself if your sadness is related to caring

for a patient or to an unresolved, disruptive experience in your personal life.

Talking with friends, a spiritual care provider, or a close colleague helps you

recognize your own grief and reflect on the meaning of caring for dying patients.

Creative strategies help you cope with the loss of a patient to whom you have

become attached.

b. Critical thinking becomes more deliberate through reflection because it allows

you to think about your previous thinking to make your future thinking better