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1. A patient with renal impairment is prescribed a drug that
is mainly eliminated by the kidneys. What pharmacokinetic
parameter is most likely to be affected by the patient's
condition?
a) Absorption
b) Distribution
c) Metabolism
d) Elimination*
Rationale: Elimination is the process of removing a drug
from the body, and it mainly occurs through the kidneys.
Renal impairment can reduce the glomerular filtration rate
(GFR), which is the rate at which the kidneys filter the
blood. A lower GFR means that less drug is eliminated per
unit of time, which can lead to drug accumulation and
toxicity.
2. A nurse administers a loading dose of 500 mg of a drug
to a patient, followed by a maintenance dose of 100 mg
every 12 hours. The drug has a half-life of 6 hours and a
volume of distribution of 50 L. What is the peak plasma
concentration of the drug after the loading dose?
a) 5 mg/L
b) 10 mg/L*
c) 20 mg/L
d) 40 mg/L
Rationale: The peak plasma concentration of a drug after a
loading dose can be calculated by dividing the loading dose
by the volume of distribution. In this case, 500 mg / 50 L =
10 mg/L.
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