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1. What are the four main components of a health assessment?
Explain each one briefly.
- The four main components are health history, physical
examination, laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures.
Health history is the collection of subjective data from the
patient or a reliable source about their past and present health
status, symptoms, risk factors, medications, allergies, etc.
Physical examination is the collection of objective data from
the patient using inspection, palpation, percussion and
auscultation techniques. Laboratory tests are the analysis of
body fluids or tissues to detect abnormalities or confirm
diagnoses. Diagnostic procedures are the use of imaging or
other methods to visualize or measure the structure or
function of organs or systems.
2. What are the three levels of health promotion and
prevention? Give an example of each one.
- The three levels are primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary
prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs
by reducing risk factors or enhancing protective factors. An
example is immunization against infectious diseases. Secondary
prevention aims to detect and treat disease or injury early
before it causes significant damage or complications. An
example is screening for breast cancer with mammography.
Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the impact of disease or
injury that has already occurred by restoring function,
preventing complications or improving quality of life. An
example is rehabilitation after a stroke.
3. What are some common sources of error or bias in health
assessment? How can you minimize them?
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