NR 509 APEA EXAM CARDIO 104 QUESTION AND ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATIONS 2026-2027 (54pages)

Question 1: The lymphatic ducts drain into the: a. Arterial system. b. Venous system. c. Arteriovenous system. d. Capillary bed. Explanation: The lymphatic ducts drain into the venous system. Question 2: While auscultating the patient's heart, a medium, soft murmur is audible. It is pansystolic and heard loudest at the apex with radiation to the left axilla. These findings are consistent with: a. Tricuspid regurgitation. b. Mitral regurgitation. c. ventricular septal defect d. An innocent murmur. Explanation: Mitral regurgitation produces a pansystolic, harsh murmur heard loudest at the apex with radiation toward the left axilla. The intensity of the murmur can be soft or if there is an atrial thrill, it can be loud. With tricuspid regurgitation, the murmur is audible loudest at the left sternal border with radiation to the right sternal border, xiphoid area, or to the left midclavicular line. It produces a blowing sound and is pansystolic. The murmur of an uncomplicated ventricular septal defect has a high pitch and is usually heard throughout systole. An innocent murmur is heard loudest at mid systole near the second to fourth intercostal spaces between the left sternal border and the apex. It usually decreases or disappears when sitting.