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1. A 45-year-old male patient presents with a history of chronic low back
pain that radiates to his right leg. He has tried over-the-counter analgesics
and physical therapy, but they have not helped. He also reports difficulty
sleeping and feeling depressed. What is the most likely diagnosis for this
patient?
a) Lumbar disc herniation
b) Lumbar spinal stenosis
c) Lumbar spondylolisthesis
d) Lumbar radiculopathy*
Rationale: Lumbar radiculopathy is a condition where the nerve roots in the
lower spine are compressed or irritated, causing pain, numbness, tingling,
or weakness in the lower back and leg. The pain may be worse with certain
movements or positions, such as bending, twisting, or sitting. Lumbar disc
herniation, spinal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis are possible causes of
lumbar radiculopathy, but they are not the diagnosis itself.
2. A 60-year-old female patient comes to the clinic for a routine check-up.
She has a history of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. She takes
metformin, lisinopril, and atorvastatin. Her blood pressure is 150/90
mmHg, her fasting blood glucose is 180 mg/dL, and her LDL cholesterol is
160 mg/dL. What is the best course of action for this patient?
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