NR 546 Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update

NR 546 Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update

1. Pharmacologic Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Second generation antipsychotics
2. Unipolar depression
major depressive disorder (MDD)
one of the most common mental disorders
-Approximately 7.1% of adults in the U.S. had episode in last year, prevalence highest
(13.1%) among individuals aged 18-25
S/S
-depressed mood
-loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities
-irritability
-withdrawal
-problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration, or self-worth
-severe depression: may experience thoughts of suicide or psychotic symptoms.
3. Bipolar disorder (BD)
Chronic condition characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood, energy, and ability to
function
-Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include mixed mood or
psychotic features
-many have only experienced only one manic episode in their lifetime
-Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability or may cycle rapidly
-diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or hypomania with a
history of one or more major depressive episodes
-high risk for suicide
4. mania
characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. Related
symptoms may include inflated self-esteem, increased goal-directed activity or energy,
including grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, excessive talkativeness, racing
thoughts, flight of ideas (FOI), distractibility, psychomotor agitation, and a propensity to
be involved in high-risk activities. Mania leads to significant functional impairment and
may include psychotic features or necessitate hospitalization
5. Bipolar Type I:
requires at least one episode of mania for at least one week (or any duration if
hospitalization due to symptoms is required)
6. Bipolar Type II:
diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic episode and a current or past major
depressive episode. Symptoms last for at least 4 days but fewer than seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to cause significant
functional impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to report these symptoms,
making bipolar more difficult to diagnose if the client presents in the depression phase.
7. Cyclothymia:
involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not
meet the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive or manic/hypomanic episode.
8. If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD:
antidepressant therapy may precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-cycling bipolar
depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in children and adults
younger than 25 

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