NR546 Final Exam Guide with Solutions New Update

NR546 Final Exam Guide with Solutions New Update

Pharmacologic Treatment of Bipolar Disorder - ANSWER- Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Second generation antipsychotics
Unipolar depression - ANSWER- major depressive disorder (MDD)
one of the most common mental disorders
-Approximately 7.1% of adults in the U.S. had episode in last year, prevalence highest
(13.1%) among individuals aged 18-25
S/S
-depressed mood
-loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities
-irritability
-withdrawal
-problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration, or self-worth
-severe depression: may experience thoughts of suicide or psychotic symptoms.
Bipolar disorder (BD) - ANSWER- Chronic condition characterized by extreme fluctuations
in mood, energy, and ability to function
-Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include mixed mood or psychotic
features
-many have only experienced only one manic episode in their lifetime
-Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability or may cycle rapidly
-diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or hypomania with a history of
one or more major depressive episodes
-high risk for suicide
mania - ANSWER- characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood.
Related symptoms may include inflated self-esteem, increased goal-directed activity or
energy, including grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, excessive talkativeness, racing
thoughts, flight of ideas (FOI), distractibility, psychomotor agitation, and a propensity to be
involved in high-risk activities. Mania leads to significant functional impairment and may
include psychotic features or necessitate hospitalization
Bipolar Type I: - ANSWER- requires at least one episode of mania for at least one week (or
any duration if hospitalization due to symptoms is required)
Bipolar Type II: - ANSWER- diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic episode and a
current or past major depressive episode. Symptoms last for at least 4 days but fewer than
seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to cause significant
functional impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to report these symptoms,
making bipolar more difficult to diagnose if the client presents in the depression phase.
Cyclothymia: - ANSWER- involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and depressive
symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive or manic/hypomanic
episode.
If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD: - ANSWER- antidepressant therapy may
precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-cycling bipolar depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in children and adults younger
than 25
Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar disorder and never as
________________. - ANSWER- monotherapy
-Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to prevent the onset of a
hypomanic or manic episode
DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms - ANSWER- Decreased positive
affect:
depressed mood
loss of joy
lack of interest
loss of energy
decreased alertness
decreased self-confidence
appetite changes
5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms - ANSWER- Increased negative
affect:
depressed mood
guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes

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