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What type of drugs are absorbed into the GI tract and metabolized by the liver. This results in aÂ
reduce amount of bioavailability or active drug in the circulatory system. therefor this type ofÂ
drug has a higher dose to allow for the effect
Oral drugs
What form of drugs are affected by the first pass effect
Elixir, tablets and capsules
What are considered enteral drugs
Elixirs, tablets and capsules
What drugs are not affected by the first pass effect
IV, sublingual, transdermal patch, suppository (parenteral drugs)
What is the First Pass Effect
Initial liver metabolism
Drugs not affected by first pass effect are considered
parenteral (IV, sublingual, transdermal patch and suppositories)
What is half life of a drug
The time it takes for half of a drug dose to be eliminated from the body
What is pharmaceutics
The dosage form that determines the rate of drug dissolution
What is pharmacodynamics
What the drugs do to the body therapeutic effects
What is pharmacokinetics
What the body does to the drug movement of drugs through the body
What is the process of pharmacokinetics
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
List the absorption routes of drugs by mouth from fastest to slowest
Sublingual
Liquid Suspension
Capsule
Tablet
Enteric coated tablets
Extended release tablets
Ex: 200mg ibuprofen has a half life of 2 hours, 100 mg will be remaining in the body after 1 halfÂ
life or 2 hours. After 2 half lives (4 hours) only 50 mg will be left etc etc etc
Rate of distribution depends on what
Vascular permeability, blood flow and perfusion
What is it called when drugs become available to action sites.
Example low levels of albumin and immunoglobulins (blood proteins) results in problems withÂ
toxicity because there are fewer binding sites for the drug
Distribution
What causes free drugs to float around the body causing toxicity
Low protein/Low albumin level
What are areas of fast distribution
Heart, liver and kidneys
What are areas of slow distribution
Muscle, fat and skin
What are the normal lab values for Albumin
3.5-5.5g/dL
What is metabolism of drugs
The use and transformation of drugs so that they can be excreted from the body
Why do neonates and infants have poor metabolism and excretion of drugs
They have immature liver and kidneys
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