1. Q ANSWER:

The AGACNP is reviewing a chart of a head-injured patient. Which of the following would alert the AGACNP for the possibility that the patient is over hydrated, thereby increasing the risk for increased intracranial pressure?

1. BUN = 10

2. Shift output = 800 ml, shift input = 825 ml Unchanged weight

3. Serum osmolality = 260

2. Q ANSWER:

A patient who has been in the intensive care unit for 17 days develops hyponatremic hyperosmolality. The patient weighs 132 lb (59.9 kg), is intubated, and is receiving mechanical ventilation. The serum osmolality is 320 mOsm/L kg H2O. Clinical signs include tachycardia and hypotension. The adult-gerontology acute care nurse practitioner's initial treatment is to:

1. reduce serum osmolality by infusing a 5?xtrose in 0.2% sodium chloride solution

2. reduce serum sodium concentration by infusing a 0.45% sodium chloride solution

3. replenish volume by infusing a 0.9% sodium chloride solution

4. replenish volume by infusing a 5?xtrose in water solution.

3. Q ANSWER:

A 16-year-old male presents with fever and right lower quadrant discomfort. He complains of nausea and has had one episode of vomiting, but he denies any diarrhea. His vital signs are as follows: temperature 101.9°F, pulse 100 bpm, respirations 16 breaths per minute, and blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg. A complete blood count reveals a WBC count of 19,100 cells/µL. The AGACNP expects that physical examination will reveal:

A. + Murphy’s sign

B. + Chvostek’s sign

C. + McBurney’s sign

D. + Kernig’s sign

4. Q ANSWER:

Myasthenia gravis is best described as:

1. An imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine in the basal ganglia Demyelination of peripheral ascending nerves

2. Demyelination in the central nervous system

3. An autoimmune disorder characterized by decreased neuromuscular activation

5. Q ANSWER: