NRNP 6566 Midterm Exam Latest / NRNP6566 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

NRNP 6566 Midterm Exam Latest / NRNP6566 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Describe cytochrome p450 system - ANSWER- Cytochrome p450
system is a series of enzymes used to metabolize medications
Inhibitors - ANSWER- block metabolic activity from one or more
CYP450 enzymes
Inducers - ANSWER- increase CYP450 enzyme activity by increasing
enzyme synthesis
Describe effect on low and high albumin levels on active drug levels
especially for drugs that are highly protein bound - ANSWER- Albumin
is the plasma protein with the greatest capacity for binding drugs.
Binding plasma proteins affect drug distribution into tissues, because
only drug that is not bound is available to penetrate tissues, bind to
receptors, and exert activity. As free drug leaves the blood stream, more
bound drug is released from binding sites.
Low albumin levels - ANSWER- malnutrition, chronic illness
Highly protein bound drugs can lead to - ANSWER- toxicity in patients
with low albumin levels, example malnutrition or chronic illness. This is
because there are fewer than the normal sites for the drug to bind
Describe the ways the hepatic first pass effect- which is metabolism
during first pass through the liver - ANSWER- Alternative routes
include:
suppository
intravenous
intramuscular
inhalational aerosol
transdermal
sublingual
These allow drugs to bypass the first-pass effect and be absorbed
directly into systemic circulation
Be able to calculate creatinine clearance using Cockgraft Gault equation:
- ANSWER- Male = 140-age times weight in kilograms divided by
serum creatinine times 72.
Women = CRCL (male) times 0.85