NRP 571 UOP WEEK 3 Pediatrics Review Exam Q & A 2026 (Complete And Verified Study material) (15pages) LEARNEXAMS

1. A 2-year-old child presents with a three-day history of high fever, irritability, and a maculopapular rash that started on the trunk and spread to the limbs. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Measles B. Rubella C. Roseola D. Fifth disease Answer: C. Roseola Rationale: Roseola, also known as sixth disease, typically presents with high fever and a rash that starts on the trunk and spreads to the limbs after the fever subsides. 2. A 4-month-old infant is brought to the clinic with a barking cough and stridor. The mother reports that the symptoms worsened at night. What is the most appropriate initial management? A. Prescribe antibiotics B. Administer a nebulized bronchodilator C. Provide cool mist humidification D. Perform endotracheal intubation Answer: C. Provide cool mist humidification Rationale: The clinical presentation is suggestive of croup, which is often managed with cool mist humidification to relieve stridor and cough. 3. A 6-year-old child with no past medical history suddenly develops widespread purpura, abdominal pain, and arthralgia. Laboratory findings show normal platelets and coagulation profile. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura B. Henoch-Schönlein purpura C. Disseminated intravascular coagulation D. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome Answer: B. Henoch-Schönlein purpura Rationale: Henoch-Schönlein purpura is characterized by nonthrombocytopenic purpura, abdominal pain, arthralgia, and renal involvement, with normal platelet count and coagulation profile. 4. A 3-week-old newborn is exclusively breastfed and presents with