NSG 5003 Final Exam Week 10 Advanced Pathophysiology, 100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS

Question 1 (5 points)

Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove 

hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?

Question 1 options:

Lysosomes

Peroxisomes

Ribosomes

Oxyhydrosomes

Question 2 (5 points)

What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?

Question 2 options:

Enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis.

Influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.

Edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production.

Potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure.

Question 3 (5 points)

Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics of apoptosis?

Question 3 options:

Apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered single cells.

Apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death.

Apoptosis results in benign malignancies.

Question 4 (5 points)

During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because:

Question 4 options:

During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because:

The pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in adenosine 

triphosphate (ATP) levels.

The osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane

Oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell.

Question 5 (5 points)

What is an effect of ionizing radiation exposure?

Question 5 options:

Respiratory distress

Sun intolerance

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) aberrations

Death

Question 6 (5 points)

Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:

Question 6 options: chapter 3 q.2

?Adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling.

The metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean adults.

The rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than those of lean adults.

The thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively.

Question 7 (5 points)

In addition to osmosis, what force is involved in the movement of water between the plasma 

and interstitial fluid spaces?

Question 7 options:

a) Oncotic pressure

b) Buffering

c) Net filtration

d) Hydrostatic pressure

Question 8 (5 points)

Venous obstruction is a cause of edema because of an increase in which pressure?

Question 8 options:

a) Capillary hydrostatic

b) Interstitial hydrostatic

c) Capillary oncotic

d) Interstitial oncotic

Question 9 (5 points)

At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from the intravascular space into the interstitial 

space because:

Question 9 options:

a) The interstitial hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary hydrostatic pressure.

b) The capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary oncotic pressure.

c) The interstitial oncotic pressure is higher than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure.

d) The capillary oncotic pressure is lower than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure.

Question 10 (5 points)

It is true that natriuretic peptides:

Question 10 options:

a) Decrease blood pressure and increase sodium and water excretion.

b) Increase blood pressure and decrease sodium and water excretion.

c) Increase the heart rate and decrease potassium excretion.

d) Decrease the heart rate and increase potassium excretion.

Question 11 (5 points)

What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and 

coma in hypernatremia?

Question 11 options:

a) High sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain 

cells to shrink.

b) High sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood vessels into the brain cells, causing them to 

swell.

c) High sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of the brain cells, which slows the synapses in 

the brain.

d) High sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the brain cells followed by water, causing the 

brain cells to swell.