NSG 5003 Midterm Exam, Version 1 and 2 , AND

What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential 

to initiate an action potential?

Question 1 options:

Potassium gates open and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative 

to positive

Sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to 

positive.

Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to 

negative.

Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to 

negative.

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Question 2 (5 points) 

What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during 

chemical injury?

Question 2 options:

Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis.

Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs, halting the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 

production.

Edema of the Golgi body occurs, preventing the transport of proteins out of the cell.

Shift of calcium out of the plasma membrane occurs, destroying the cytoskeleton.

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Question 3 (5 points) 

In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling 

because:

Question 3 options:

The cell membrane permeability increases for sodium during periods of hypoxia.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.

The lactic acid produced by the hypoxia binds with sodium in the cell.

Sodium cannot be transported to the cell membrane during hypoxia.

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Question 4 (5 points) 

What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid 

accumulation?

Question 4 options:

Obstruction of the common bile duct, preventing the flow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder

Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of apoproteins

Increased binding of lipids with apoproteins to form lipoproteins

Increased conversion of fatty acids to phospholipids