NSG 5003 Midterm Study (Complete And Verified Study material) (23pages) LEARNEXAMS

1. What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential to initiate an action potential? Potassium gates open and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive Sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. Sodiumgates close, allowing potassiuminto the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative. Potassiumgates close, allowing sodiuminto the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.: Answer Sodium gates open and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. 2. Question 2 (5 points) What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury? Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs, halting the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Edema of the Golgi body occurs, preventing the transport of proteins out of the cell. Shift of calcium out of the plasma membrane occurs, destroying the cytoskeleton.: Answer Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. 3. Question 3 (5 points) In hypoxic injury,sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because: The cell membrane permeability increases for sodium during periods of hypoxia. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell. The lactic acid produced by the hypoxia binds with sodium in the cell. Sodium cannot be transported to the cell membrane during hypoxia.: Answer Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps