NSG 6340 Primary Care COMPLETED EXAM 2026 (27pages)

1. What are the four main components of primary care according to the World Health Organization (WHO)? How do they relate to the principles of universal health coverage (UHC)? - The four main components of primary care are: first contact, continuity, comprehensiveness, and coordination. They relate to the principles of UHC by ensuring that people have access to essential health services that are person-centered, integrated, and of high quality, regardless of their ability to pay or their location. 2. What are some common barriers to accessing primary care services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)? What strategies can be used to overcome them? - Some common barriers to accessing primary care services in LMICs are: lack of availability, affordability, acceptability, and quality of services; weak health systems; social and cultural factors; and low health literacy and awareness. Some strategies to overcome them are: strengthening health workforce capacity and motivation; improving health financing and governance; enhancing community participation and empowerment; promoting health education and behavior change; and fostering multisectoral collaboration and partnerships. 3. What is the role of nurses in primary care? What skills and competencies do they need to perform their role effectively? - The role of nurses in primary care is to provide holistic, comprehensive, and coordinated care to individuals, families, and communities across the life course. They also play a key role in health promotion, disease prevention, and health education. To perform their role effectively, they need skills and competencies such as: clinical assessment and management; communication and interpersonal skills; cultural competence and sensitivity; teamwork and collaboration; leadership and advocacy; research and evidence-based practice; and ethical and legal principles. 4. What are some examples of nurse-led primary care interventions or models that have been implemented or evaluated in different settings or contexts? What were their main outcomes or impacts? - Some examples of nurse-led primary care interventions or models are: nurse practitioners (NPs) who provide advanced practice nursing services in various settings such as rural clinics, emergency departments, or home-based care; nurse case managers who coordinate care for patients with chronic conditions or complex needs; nurse midwives who offer maternal and newborn care services in lowresource settings; nurse educators who train community health workers or peer educators on health topics such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, or mental health; and nurse researchers who conduct studies on primary care issues or innovations. - The main outcomes or impacts of these interventions or models vary depending on the setting, context, and evaluation methods, but some common ones are: improved access to and quality of primary care services; increased patient satisfaction and empowerment; reduced morbidity and mortality; enhanced cost-effectiveness and efficiency; and strengthened health systems and policies.